Departamentos y Centros - Sailak eta Ikastegiak

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Open Access
Agronomic evaluation of eight 41 B × 110 richter grapevine genotypes as rootstock candidates for mediterranean viticulture
(KeAi Communications, 2023) Marín Ederra, Diana; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Mayor Azcona, Blanca; Villa Llop, Ana; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Choosing the most appropriate rootstock(s) is a key decision for the profitability of vineyards; therefore, there must be a sufficient range of rootstocks in the market adapted to different environmental conditions and production objectives. However, rootstock-breeding programs have been scarce in recent decades, and most of the rootstocks used today were bred a century ago, when the needs of the sector were very different from today. In this work, we aimed to evaluate new rootstock candidates before their introduction in the market. An agronomic evaluation was conducted on eight novel rootstock genotypes obtained from the first generation of the cross-pollination of 41 B Millardet et de Grasset (41 B) and 110 Richter (110 R) grafted with ‘Syrah’ and ‘Tempranillo’ and planted in a typical vineyard of the Ebro Valley in Spain. During the four consecutive growing seasons (2016e2019), growth, yield and berry composition parameters at harvest were collected. A linear mixedeffects model was constructed, considering year and block as random effects. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were performed to establish clusters of genotypes with similar behaviour. The rootstock candidates showed a very wide performance range compared to their parents. The trial allowed us to identify two very promising candidates (RG8 and RG10), whose registration as commercial rootstocks is already in progress.
Open Access
Connection matters: exploring the implications of scion-rootstock alignment in grafted grapevines
(Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology, 2022) Marín Ederra, Diana; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Dayer, S.; Villa Llop, Ana; Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Gambetta, Gregory A.; Torres-Ruiz, J. M.; Torres Molina, Nazareth; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Background and aims: grafting in viticulture has been essential since the advent of the phylloxera crisis at the end of the 19th century, but relatively little is known about the relevance of the quality of the connection at the grafting junction on the behaviour of grafted grapevines. Methods and results: an experimental procedure comparing omega grafted vines with complete alignment of the scion and the rootstock (CA) and vines with partial alignment (PA) was developed. Three complementary trials were carried out in the nursery, in the field and under controlled conditions. The CA vines increased the success rate in the nursery. Vine growth was significantly affected by the alignment between the rootstock and scion both in the nursery and in their first year of establishment in a commercial vineyard and in a potted trial, although these differences dissipated in years 2 and 3 under commercial vineyard conditions. The CA graft also maintained a higher level of leaf gas exchange, but such differences did not correspond to those in the hydraulic conductivity across the graft union itself. Conclusions: the degree of alignment of the grafted vine material affected vine development, but a better understanding of the role of vascular connections in different graft types and qualities is needed. Significance of the Study: to the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific study that developed an experimental procedure for assessing the implication of the alignment at the grafting point on grapevine physiology and water use.
Open Access
Cover crops in viticulture. A systematic review (2): Implications on vineyard agronomic performance
(International Viticulture and Enology Society (IVES), 2021) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Hermoso de Mendoza, Irantzu; Marín Ederra, Diana; Orcaray Echeverría, Luis; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
The present systematic review aims to provide an overview of the impact of cover crops on vegetative growth and the productive parameters of vineyards. A systematic review was made on Scopus-index journals dating from 1999 to 2018. The selection was made at the same time by two different researchers, who selected a total of 272 published papers related to cover crops in vineyards. Each article was categorised according to its theme and a metadata database was created, considering all relevant information from an agronomic point of view for each article. It can be concluded from the review that the use of cover crops can reduce vine vegetative growth, which in turn can help keep the incidence of fungal diseases (like grey mould) at a low level. In general, this practice does not have a clear effect on vineyard yield or grape juice parameters, like total soluble solids (TSS) or titratable acidity (TA). Cover crops can decrease vineyard pests to a certain extent, especially Cicadellidae. Cover crops can sometimes sporadically cause water stress in the vineyard, but only during the summer months. This review allowed us to summarise available information on cover crops and their effects on vineyard agronomic performance in a systematic way. Such information can be used to help select the most suitable cover, based on specific vineyard objectives and growing conditions.
Open Access
Cubierta vegetal bajo las cepas: una alternativa al control de las malas hierbas en los viñedos
(INTIA (Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias), 2023) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Cibriain Sabalza, Félix; Sagüés Sarasa, Ana; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Lezáun San Martín, Juan Antonio; Fabo Boneta, Jesús María; Virto Quecedo, Íñigo; Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Marín Arroyo, Remedios; Garbisu Crespo, Carlos; Ciencias; Zientziak; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos con una cubierta vegetal de trébol sembrada bajo las cepas para competir con las malas hierbas, de manera que no sea necesario recurrir al empleo de herbicidas o laboreos intercepas.
Open Access
Evaluación del interés de métodos sencillos de medida de la actividad microbiana del suelo para la identificación y caracterización de terroirs vitícolas
(2020) Loidi Erviti, Maite; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias; Nekazaritzako Ingeniaritzako eta Biozientzietako Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa
En la viticultura, la actividad biológica del suelo es uno de los factores biológicos, que junto a los antrópicos y a los físicos determina la identidad del vino de una bodega o terroir. Sin embargo, no se dispone de métodos que permitan, de manera sencilla, estimar esta actividad. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar si el método TBI (tea bag index) y el uso de placas Biolog EcoplatesTM permiten diferenciar entre muestras procedentes de suelos de una explotación vitícola situada en Traibuenas (Navarra) en función de la zona de muestreo, de la profundidad a la que se toma la muestra y de si las muestras se toman en la línea del cultivo o en las calles. Además, se evaluó si las diferencias observadas se corresponden con los terroirs definidos en el viñedo por el personal técnico de la bodega propietaria. A la vista de los resultados, los índices empleados se consideran de interés, siendo el índice de Shannon medido a través del método Biolog EcoplatesTM el que mejor permitió diferenciar los terroirs. En cuanto a los parámetros de muestreo, la profundidad afecta más a los parámetros del TBI que a los del método Biolog EcoplatesTM, siendo relevante para todos los índices la época del ciclo en las que se realizó el muestreo.
Open Access
Evaluación del interés del uso de una cubierta vegetal bajo la línea como estrategia de gestión del suelo en viñedos cultivados en condiciones de clima mediterráneo
(2022) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Orcaray Echeverría, Luis; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
El manejo del suelo de los viñedos en condiciones de clima mediterráneo siempre ha primado reducir la competencia que pudieran generar otras plantas por los recursos nutricionales y, en especial, por los recursos hídricos. Sin embargo, los cambios de sistemas de producción, con desplazamiento de los viñedos a terrenos más fértiles, muchas veces dotadas de riego; la necesidad de buscar alternativas a los herbicidas como elementos de control de la vegetación adventicia, en especial en la zona ubicada bajo las cepas; plantean la posibilidad, o incluso la necesidad, de trabajar el suelo de manera diferente. En los últimos años, se ha avanzado de manera relevante en el estudio de las implicaciones del introducir las cubiertas vegetales como alternativa al uso de herbicidas y al laboreo, habiendo quedado de manifiesto el interés agronómico y ambiental de este cambio de manejo, que, como cualquier otro, debe acometerse considerando todas sus implicaciones en función de las particularidades de cada viñedo y objetivo agronómico-empresarial. Sin embargo, la práctica totalidad de las actuaciones encaminadas a introducir el uso de cubiertas en viñedos de zonas mediterráneas implican un cambio de gestión del suelo las calles, pero no del suelo bajo la línea de cultivo. En este contexto, la posibilidad de emplear una cubierta vegetal bajo la línea de cultivo que permitiera competir con otras adventicias pero no lo hiciera de manera relevante con el viñedo podría ser una alternativa de mucho interés. En esta Tesis Doctoral se ha estudiado el comportamiento de una cubierta de T. fragiferum (UV) frente a un manejo con laboreo intercepas (T). Dicho ensayo se realizó durante tres campañas consecutivas (2018, 2019 y 2020) en un viñedo de Merlot ubicado en terrenos de Bodegas Ochoa en Traibuenas (Navarra-España), sobre un suelo Typic Calcixerepts y con un clima húmedo-templado mediterráneo según la clasificación de Papadakis. El conjunto de los resultados obtenidos permite concluir que el empleo de una cubierta de T. fragiferum bajo la línea de cultivo del viñedo en condiciones de clima mediterráneo constituye una alternativa realista al uso de herbicidas o laboreos intercepas. En las condiciones de ensayo, su uso ha redundado en una mejoría notable de los parámetros de calidad del suelo, sin apenas alterar el comportamiento agronómico y enológico de las cepas, resultando económicamente viable cuando se consigue una supervivencia de la cubierta mínima de tres años.
Open Access
Evaluation of the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo' when grafted on 12 rootstocks
(Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), 2019) Marín Ederra, Diana; García, R.; Eraso Zabalegui, Javier; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Royo Díaz, José Bernardo; Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Beyond pest resistance, rootstocks significantly influence the performance of grapevine varieties. However, the effect of the rootstock is strongly affected by its interaction with the environment, and it is therefore necessary to evaluate their influence in a particular terroir. With the aim of evaluating the influence of 12 rootstocks on the agronomic performance of 'Syrah' and 'Tempranillo', a trial was established in 2011 and 2012 in Miranda de Arga (Navarra, Spain), under the typical environmental conditions of the Ebro Valley. Growth and yield, as well as industrial and phenolic maturity parameters were analysed during four consecutive seasons (2015-2018). Most rootstocks showed a similar performance with both varieties, not always following the trends reported in bibliography, which highlights the relevance of studying rootstocks in different conditions. 3309 C was the rootstock conferring the highest vigour, whereas the lowest were provided by 420 A MGt and 'Fercal'. The implications on grape composition were much more diverse, and were partially conditioned by yield. Results were obtained during the four first harvests of the vineyard, and could therefore change to some extent as the vineyard reaches stability.
Open Access
Evaluation of the incidence of severe trimming on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water consumption
(Elsevier, 2019-03-01) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Marín Ederra, Diana; Loidi Erviti, Maite; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Royo Díaz, José Bernardo; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, FPI-UPNA-2016; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Viticulture in Southern Europe heads towards a scenario of drier and warmer the growing seasons due to climate change. This decrease in the amount of water available for the vines and increase in evapotranspiration make necessary finding strategies to reduce vineyard water needs. In this context, the effect of severe trimming (40¿60% of shoot length), performed at pea-size stage, on plant water status was evaluated in four different vineyards located in North of Spain. Severe trimming improved plant water status clearly only when climate conditions were more demanding, whereas only a slight improvement or no change was observed elsewhere. Lower leaf areas resulted in less water deficit following a logarithmical trend revealing that the effect was more pronounced at low leaf area levels. Severe trimming had non-significant effects on cluster number, yield and cluster weight, but presents a tendency to reduce total soluble solids content and to increase total acidity, consequently delaying ripening.
Open Access
Planificación de la producción agrícola en la Escuela Técnica Agraria de Mariri (Cabo Delgado - Mozambique)
(2011) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; González Latorre, Joaquín; Bescansa Miquel, Paloma; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos; Nekazaritza Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ciencias del Medio Natural; Natura Ingurunearen Zientziak
El presente Trabajo Final de Carrera (TFC) quiere servir de apoyo para el personal docente y gestor de la Escuela Técnica Agropecuaria de Mariri, provincia de Cabo Delgado (Mozambique). Se trata de una escuela de reciente andadura en la que se forman alumnos como técnicos para el medio rural. La base del programa curricular de la escuela se centra en la práctica de los alumnos. Además de esto, la escuela debería tender hacia la autofinanciación a través de la venta o consumo de los productos que ella misma produce. Con todo ello se ha querido plantear un manejo ordenado de las producciones, buscando que los alumnos puedan trabajar en el mayor número de cultivos posibles, así como aplicar las medidas de manejo más adecuadas a las situaciones locales. Partiendo de un análisis de las condiciones de la escuela (clima, suelo, cultivos a implantar), de los requerimientos de los cultivos, y de los condicionantes técnicos; se indica una rotación de cultivos razonable para soportar la producción con los recursos disponibles. Se ha tenido especial atención a las condiciones edáficas de las parcelas, dado su bajo potencial agraria, planteándose medidas de manejo como el acolchado natural y los aportes de abonos orgánicos. A su vez, debido a la elevada permeabilidad del suelo y a la necesidad de aportes externos de agua en los cultivos durante la estación seca, se ha planteado la necesidad de aplicaciones de agua por medio de un sistema de riego por gravedad, en riegos de baja dosis y alta frecuencia.
Open Access
Under-vine cover crops: Impact on physical and biological soil proprieties in an irrigated Mediterranean vineyard
(Elsevier, 2023) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Marín Ederra, Diana; Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Virto Quecedo, Íñigo; Garbisu Crespo, Carlos; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Ciencias; Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1383-2022-000000
We present a novel approach to harmonic disturbance removal in single-channel wind turbine acceleration data by means of time-variant signal modeling. Harmonics are conceived as a set of quasi-stationary sinusoids whose instantaneous amplitude and phase vary slowly and continuously in a short-time analysis frame. These non-stationarities in the harmonics are modeled by low-degree time polynomials whose coefficients capture the instantaneous dynamics of the corresponding waveforms. The model is linear-in-parameters and is straightforwardly estimated by the linear least-squares algorithm. Estimates from contiguous analysis frames are further combined in the overlap-add fashion in order to yield overall harmonic disturbance waveform and its removal from the data. The algorithm performance analysis, in terms of input parameter sensitivity and comparison against three state-of-the-art methods, has been carried out with synthetic signals. Further model validation has been accomplished through real-world signals and stabilization diagrams, which are a standard tool for determining modal parameters in many timedomain modal identification algorithms. The results show that the proposed method exhibits a robust performance particularly when only the average rotational speed is known, as is often the case for stand-alone sensors which typically carry out data pre-processing for structural health monitoring. Moreover, for real-world analysis scenarios, we show that the proposed method delivers consistent vibration mode parameter estimates, which can straightforwardly be used for structural health monitoring.
Open Access
Under-vine cover crops: impact on weed development, yield and grape composition
(International Viticulture and Enology Society (IVES), 2020) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Marín Ederra, Diana; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Cibriain Sabalza, Félix; Sagüés Sarasa, Ana; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1365-2019-000111
This study aims to evaluate the interest of using an under-vine cover crop as a sustainable management tool replacing herbicides or tillage to control weeds, evaluating its effects on yield and berry parameters in a semi-arid climate. The performance of Trifolium fragiferum as an under-vine cover crop was evaluated in 2018 and 2019 in a Merlot vineyard in Traibuenas (Navarra, Spain). This trial showed that the soil under the vines was covered by 80 % of the cover crop in August 2018 and 100 % in Aug 2019, with clover (T. fragiferum) comprising around 26 % and 70 % of the cover crop surface, respectively. The presence of the cover crop only reduced the number of shoots in the second year, although both years there was an increment in water stress. Neither yield, cluster weight nor berry weight were affected by the presence of the under-vine cover crop. Similarly, no changes in grape composition were observed. The use of T. fragiferum-like cover crops under the vine allows for better control of weeds, provided a good installation is achieved. In the first two years, this cover crop reduced vegetative growth and increased water deficit slightly. However, no changes in yield and grape composition were observed. In a context of herbicide suppression and search for sustainable management, under-vine clover cover crops constitute a viable alternative in semi-arid regions provided drip irrigation can be applied.

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