Browsing by Author "Andrade, David C."

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Acute effects of high-intensity interval training session and endurance exercise on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory coupling
    (Wiley, 2020) Andrade, David C.; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Parada, Felipe; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise and endurance exercise (EE) on pulmonary function, sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, and cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) in healthy participants. Using a crossover repeated-measurements design, four females and four males were exposed to EE (20 min at 80% maximal heart rate [HR]), HIIT (1 min of exercise at 90% maximal HR per 1 min of rest, 10 times), or control condition (resting). Pulmonary function, HR, CRC, and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before and after the interventions. Results revealed no significant effects of EE or HIIT on pulmonary function. The EE, but not HIIT, significantly increased CRC. In contrast, HRV was markedly changed by HIIT, not by EE. Indeed, both the low-frequency (LFHRV) and high-frequency (HFHRV) components of HRV were increased and decreased, respectively, after HIIT. The increase in LFHRV was greater after HIIT than after EE. Therefore, a single bout of HIIT or EE has no effects on pulmonary function. Moreover, CRC and cardiac autonomic regulation are targeted differently by the two exercise modalities.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Cardiorespiratory optimal point as a submaximal evaluation tool in endurance athletes: an exploratory study
    (Frontiers Media, 2023) Oyarzo-Aravena, Alexis; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Álvarez, Cristian; Toledo, Camilo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Introduction: The cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP) represents the lowest minute ventilation to oxygen consumption ratio (VE/VO2) and can be estimated during a CPET at submaximal intensity when an exercise test until volitional fatigue is not always advisable (i.e., a conflict zone where you cannot be confident of the security because nearcompetition, off-season, among other). COP’s physiological components have not been wholly described yet. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the determinants of COP in highly trained athletes and its influence on maximum and sub-maximum variables during CPET through principal c omponent analysis (PCA) (explains the dataset’s variance). Methods: Female (n = 9; age, 17.4 ± 3.1 y; maximal VO2 [VO2max]), 46.2 ± 5.9 mL/ kg/min) and male (n = 24; age, 19.7 ± 4.0 y; VO2max, 56.1 ± 7.6 mL/kg/min) athletes performed a CPET to determine the COP, ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2), and VO2max. The PCA was used to determine the relationship between variables and COP, explaining their variance. Results: Our data revealed that females and males displayed different COP values. Indeed, males showed a significant diminished COP compared to the female group (22.6 ± 2.9 vs. 27.2 ±3.4 VE/VO2, respectively); nevertheless, COP was allocated before VT1 in both groups. Discussion: PC analysis revealed that the COP variance was mainly explained (75.6%) by PC1 (expired CO2 at VO2max) and PC2 (VE at VT2), possibly influencing cardiorespiratory efficiency at VO2max and VT2. Our data suggest that COP could be used as a submaximal index to monitor and assess cardiorespiratory system efficiency in endurance athletes. The COP could be particularly useful during the offseason and competitive periods and the return to the sports continuum.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Chemoreflex control as the cornerstone in immersion water sports: possible role on breath-hold
    (2022) Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Cornejo, Carlos; Páez, Valeria; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Stillner-Vilches, Katherine; Jara, Catherine R.; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Immersion water sports involve long-term apneas; therefore, athletes must physiologically adapt to maintain muscle oxygenation, despite not performing pulmonary ventilation. Breath-holding (i.e., apnea) is common in water sports, and it involves a decrease and increases PaO2 and PaCO2, respectively, as the primary signals that trigger the end of apnea. The principal physiological O2 sensors are the carotid bodies, which are able to detect arterial gases and metabolic alterations before reaching the brain, which aids in adjusting the cardiorespiratory system. Moreover, the principal H+/CO2 sensor is the retrotrapezoid nucleus, which is located at the brainstem level; this mechanism contributes to detecting respiratory and metabolic acidosis. Although these sensors have been characterized in pathophysiological states, current evidence shows a possible role for these mechanisms as physiological sensors during voluntary apnea. Divers and swimmer athletes have been found to displayed longer apnea times than land sports athletes, as well as decreased peripheral O2 and central CO2 chemoreflex control. However, although chemosensitivity at rest could be decreased, we recently found marked sympathoexcitation during maximum voluntary apnea in young swimmers, which could activate the spleen (which is a reservoir organ for oxygenated blood). Therefore, it is possible that the chemoreflex, autonomic function, and storage/delivery oxygen organ(s) are linked to apnea in immersion water sports. In this review, we summarized the available evidence related to chemoreflex control in immersion water sports. Subsequently, we propose a possible physiological mechanistic model that could contribute to providing new avenues for understanding the respiratory physiology of water sports.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Circadian rhythm of glycemic control in patients with mellitus diabetes
    (2023) Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    La presente tesis doctoral está basada en la publicación de 2 estudios que tienen como objetivo determinar si la variabilidad ele la glucemia, evaluada con monitorización continua de la glucosa (MCG), presenta ritmo circadiano en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo I y II. Estudio I. La variabilidad diaria de la glucosa es mayor en pacientes diabéticos mellitus (DM), lo que se ha relacionado con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no está claro si la variabilidad glucémica muestra un patrón de oscilación específico o si es completamente aleatorio. Por lo tanto, para determinar el patrón de variabilidad glucémica, medimos y analizamos los datos de monitoreo continuo de glucosa (CGM), en sujetos control y pacientes con DM tipo 1 (TID). Los datos de MCG se evaluaron durante 6 días (día: 08:00-20:00 h; y noche: 20:00-08:00 h). Los participantes (n= 172; edad= 18-80 años) fueron asignados a grupos de DM1 (n=144, mujeres=65) y control (es decir, sanos; n=28, mujeres=22). Se determinó antropometría, tratamientos farmacológicos, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbAlc) y años de evolución. Las mujeres con DTI mostraron una glucemia más alta entre las 10:00 y las 14:00 h en comparación con los hombres con DTI y las mujeres de control. Los pacientes con DM presentan principalmente oscilaciones estacionarias (deterministas), con características de ritmo circadiano. La glucemia osciló entre 2 y 6 días. El modelo predictivo de glucemia mostró que es posible predecir hiper e hipoglucemia (R2=0,94 y 0,98, respectivamente) en pacientes con DM independientemente de su etiología. Nuestros datos mostraron que la variabilidad glucémica tenía un patrón de oscilación específico con características circadianas, con episodios de hipoglucemia e hiperglucemia en las fases diurnas, lo que podría ayudar a la acción terapéutica para esta población. Estudio II. El objetivo del estudio 2 fue determinar las características de las oscilaciones glucémicas en T2D y verificar si se pueden predecir con el tiempo en los pacientes. Se informa que la variabilidad diaria de la glucosa es mayor en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) que en la población general. Se sabe que existen patrones oscilatorios específicos de control glucémico en pacientes con DM tipo 1 (TI D), pero no está claro si lo mismo es cierto para pacientes con DM tipo 2 (T2D). Aquí, buscamos determinar los patrones de variabilidad glucémica en pacientes con T2D mediante el monitoreo continuo de glucosa. Los datos se evaluaron durante 6 días continuos (día: 08:00-20:00 h; y noche: 20:00-08:00 h). Los participantes fueron asignados a grupos de T2D (n=24, mujeres=l0) y de control (es decir, sanos; n=28, mujeres=22). Los resultados mostraron que la hemoglobina glicosilada, la glucemia y el índice de masa corporal fueron más altos en pacientes con DT2 que en los controles (todos p<0,05). Además, el tiempo en hiperglucemia y euglucemia fue marcadamente mayor y menor, respectivamente, en el grupo de DT2 (p<0,05), sin diferencias significativas para el tiempo en hipoglucemia. Los datos sobre la variabilidad glucémica revelaron que los valores de la desviación estándar, el coeficiente de variación y el poder total de la variabilidad glucémica fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de DT2 que en el grupo de control (p<0,05). Además, los patrones oscilatorios fueron significativamente diferentes entre los grupos (p=0 ,032): el grupo de control se distribuyó principalmente a los 2 - 3 y >6 días, mientras que el grupo de T2D mostró una distribución más homogénea en 2-3 a >6 días. El modelo predictivo de glucemia, utilizado anteriormente en DM1, demostró que es posible predecir con precisión eventos de híper e hipoglucemia (R2 =0,97 y 0,98, respectivamente). Por lo tanto, similar a lo que se observa en la DTJ, los pacientes con DT2 exhiben patrones oscilatorios específicos de control glucémico, que son posibles de predecir. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a mejorar el tratamiento de la DM al considerar los patrones oscilatorios individuales de los pacientes.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Detraining's effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal and explosive strength in army soldiers: does age matter?
    (MDPI, 2024-07-01) Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Zaio, Ángelo; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Álvarez, Cristian; Merino-Muñoz, Pablo; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Castro, Mauricio; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Purpose: this study investigated the impact of four weeks of age-dependent detraining on army soldiers' cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal and explosive strength. Methods: fourteen volunteer tactical athletes participated, divided into two age groups (20 to 29 and 30 to 40 years). Before and after the detraining period, we assessed their anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, fat mass, and fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] and ventilatory thresholds [VT1 and VT2]), and kinematic properties during a single-leg counter-moving jump (CMJ) test for both the dominant and non-dominant legs. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak post hoc test was used. Results: the anthropometric and cardiovascular variables did not show significant differences between the groups. However, both groups exhibited a significantly reduced maximum time and speed at the VO2max. Furthermore, the flight time and maximum height during the CMJ significantly decreased in the non-dominant leg for both age groups. Notably, the dominant leg's concentric impulse (CI) significantly reduced during the CMJ, but this effect was observed only in the 30-40 age group. There were significant differences between the two age groups. Conclusions: our findings suggest that four weeks of detraining negatively impacts aerobic fitness and muscular strength, independently of age. However, the dominant leg may be more susceptible to detraining effects in army soldiers aged 30-40. Furthermore, as a perspective, our results strongly suggest that a detraining period could affect successful missions (aerobic performance deterioration), as well as promote a muscle imbalance between the legs, which could encourage muscle injuries and endanger combat missions.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Dynamic circadian fluctuations of glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    (BMC, 2022) Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Álvarez, Cristian; Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Crespo, Fernando A.; Arias, Dayana; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has glucose variability that is of such relevance that the appearance of vascular complications in patients with DM has been attributed to hyperglycemic and dysglycemic events. It is known that T1D patients mainly have glycemic variability with a specifc oscillatory pattern with specifc circadian characteristics for each patient. However, it has not yet been determined whether an oscillation pattern represents the variability of glycemic in T2D. This is why our objective is to determine the characteristics of glycemic oscillations in T2D and gener‑ ate a robust predictive model. Results: Showed that glycosylated hemoglobin, glycemia, and body mass index were all higher in patients with T2D than in controls (all p<0.05). In addition, time in hyperglycemia and euglycemia was markedly higher and lower in the T2D group (p<0.05), without signifcant diferences for time in hypoglycemia. Standard deviation, coefcient of variation, and total power of glycemia were signifcantly higher in the T2D group than Control group (all p<0.05). The oscillatory patterns were signifcantly diferent between groups (p=0.032): the control group was mainly distributed at 2–3 and 6 days, whereas the T2D group showed a more homogeneous distribution across 2–3-to-6 days. Conclusions: The predictive model of glycemia showed that it is possible to accurately predict hyper- and hypo‑ glycemia events. Thus, T2D patients exhibit specifc oscillatory patterns of glycemic control, which are possible to predict. These fndings may help to improve the treatment of DM by considering the individual oscillatory patterns of patients.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Effect of chronic exogenous oxytocin administration on exercise performance and cardiovagal control in hypobaric hypoxia in rats
    (BioMed Central (BMC), 2024) Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Cornejo, Carlos; Paz, Cristobal; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Rodríguez-Fernández, María; Millet, Gregoire P.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: outstanding exercise performance has been associated with an exacerbated vagal outflow. Nevertheless, during high-altitude hypobaric-hypoxia (HH), there is a baroreflex-dependent parasympathetic withdrawal and exercise performance deterioration. Notably, vagal control is pivotal in exercise performance, and exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration has been shown to enhance parasympathetic drive; however, no evidence shows their role in exercise performance during HH. Then, this study aimed to examine the effect of prolonged exogenous oxytocin (OXY) administration on exercise performance during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in rats. Results: a vehicle group (n = 6) and an OXY group (n = 6) performed incremental exercise and baroreflex tests during both normobaric normoxia (NN) and HH (PO2: 100 mmHg, simulated 3,500 m) prior (pre-) and after (post-) 14 days of administration. The results showed that at pre-, there were no significant differences in exercise performance between the two groups, while at post-, the OXY group exhibited similar performance between NN and HH, while the Vehicle group maintained a significant decline in performance at HH compared to NN. At post-, the Vehicle group also demonstrated a reset in the baroreflex and a worse bradycardic response in HH, which was reversed in the OXY group, while the hypoxic ventilatory response was similar in both groups. Conclusion: the findings suggest prolonged OXY administration prevents impaired exercise performance and vagal control during short-term HH.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity
    (Frontiers Media, 2020) Delgado Floody, Pedro; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Caamaño Navarrete, Felipe; Moris, Roberto; Jerez Mayorga, Daniel; Andrade, David C.; Álvarez, Cristian; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Regular exercise training is a recognized lifestyle strategy to lower resting blood pressure (BP), but little is known about substrate metabolism in population with high BP. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 16-weeks of HIIT on body composition, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness by (Formula presented.) O2max, and substrate utilization during exercise among prehypertensive and hypertensive patients with excessive adiposity. We also aimed to test the potential association between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, substrate utilization during exercise and BP. Forty-two physically inactive overweight/obese participants participated in 16-weeks of HIIT intervention. The HIIT frequency was three times a week (work ratio 1:2:10, for interval cycling: rest period: repeated times; 80–100% of the maximum heart rate). Groups were distributed based on their baseline BP: HIIT-hypertensive (H-HTN: age 47.7 ± 12.0 years; body mass index [BMI] 30.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2; systolic [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] 151.6 ± 10/81.9 ± 4.2 mmHg), HIIT-pre-hypertensive (H-PreHTN: age 37.6 ± 12.0 years; BMI 31.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 134.4 ± 3.2/74.9 ± 7.0 mmHg), and a normotensive control group (H-CG: age 40.7 ± 11.0 years; BMI 29.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2; SBP/DBP 117.0 ± 6.2/72.4 ± 4.1 mmHg). Anthropometry/body composition, BP, and metabolic substrate utilization during exercise (fat [FATox], carbohydrate [CHOox] oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], and (Formula presented.) O2max), were measured before and after the 16-week HIIT intervention. Adjusted mixed linear models revealed a significant improved in (Formula presented.) O2max were + 3.34 in the H-CG, + 3.63 in the H-PreHTN, and + 5.92 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1, in the H-HTN group, however, the Time × Group interaction were not significant (p = 0.083). All the exercise types induced similar decreases on SBP (−8.70) in the H-HTN, (−7.14) in the H-CG, and (−5.11) mmHg in the H-PreHTN, as well as DBP levels (−5.43) mmHg in H-CG group (p = 0.032 vs. H-HTN group). At 16-week, no significant correlations were noted for the changes of blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness or exercise metabolism substrates outcomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that a 16-week HIIT-intervention improved (Formula presented.) O2max and blood pressure BP, but these changes are independent of substrate utilization during exercise in normotensive and hypertensive participants with excessive adiposity.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    The effects of interset rest on adaptation to 7 weeks of explosive training in young soccer players
    (University of Uludag (Turquía), 2014) Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Andrade, David C.; Álvarez, Cristian; Henríquez-Olguín, Carlos; Martínez Salazar, Cristian; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Silva-Urra, Juan; Burgos, Carlos; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    The aim of the study was to compare the effects of plyometric training using 30, 60, or 120 s of rest between sets on explosive adaptations in young soccer players. Four groups of athletes (age 10.4 ± 2.3 y; soccer experience 3.3 ± 1.5 y) were randomly formed: control (CG; n = 15), plyometric training with 30 s (G30; n = 13), 60 s (G60; n = 14), and 120 s (G120; n = 12) of rest between training sets. Before and after intervention players were measured in jump ability, 20-m sprint time, change of direction speed (CODS), and kicking performance. The training program was applied during 7 weeks, 2 sessions per week, for a total of 840 jumps. After intervention the G30, G60 and G120 groups showed a significant (p = 0.0001 – 0.04) and small to moderate effect size (ES) improvement in the countermovement jump (ES = 0.49; 0.58; 0.55), 20 cm drop jump reactive strength index (ES = 0.81; 0.89; 0.86), CODS (ES = -1.03; -0.87; -1.04), and kicking performance (ES = 0.39; 0.49; 0.43), with no differences between treatments. The study shows that 30, 60, and 120 s of rest between sets ensure similar significant and small to moderate ES improvement in jump, CODS, and kicking performance during high-intensity short-term explosive training in young male soccer players.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Hypertensive patients show higher heart rate response during incremental exercise and elevated arterial age estimation than normotensive adult peers: Vascu-Health Project
    (Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Álvarez, Cristian; Campos-Jara, Christian; Ciolac, Emmanuel Gomes; Guimaraes, Guilherme Vega; Andrade-Mayorga, Omar; Cano Montoya, Johnattan; Andrade, David C.; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Cigarroa, Igor; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Existe información limitada respecto a la respuesta de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) a partir de fórmulas predictivas y prueba de ejercicio real entre adultos con hipertensión arterial (HTA) y normotensos, así como sobre las similitudes o diferencias vasculares entre muestras de diferente control de la presión arterial. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la frecuencia cardiaca durante el ejercicio entre adultos con HTN y normotensos, así como describir parámetros de función endotelial y vasculares. Se realizó un estudio clínico descriptivo con 64 adultos (hombres y mujeres) que fueron divididos en tres grupos: hipertensión arterial (HTN n=26), presión arterial elevada (Ele n=16), o normotensos control (CG n=22). Los participantes se sometieron a una prueba de ejercicio, en la que se midió la FC (variable principal) y parámetros vasculares secundarios (clasificación percentil de la velocidad de la onda del pulso (%ILEPWVba), grosor máximo de la íntima-media carotídea (cIMTmax) y edad arterial entre otras. En la etapa 2 del test (50-100 vatios), el grupo HTN mostró una FC significativamente mayor vs. el grupo GC (+14 latidos/min), y vs. el grupo Ele (+15 latidos/min), ambos p<0,05; y en la etapa 5 (125-250 vatios) vs. el grupo GC (+22 latidos/min; p<0,05). El grupo HTN mostró una clasificación mayor de rigidez arterial %ILEPWVba, y de edad arterial que el grupo NT. En conclusión, los sujetos con HTA presentan una mayor respuesta de la FC durante el ejercicio que los normotensos. Sin embargo, todos los grupos mostraron una mayor HRpredicted en relación con la HRpeak real. Estos resultados se muestran con una clasificación en percentiles superiores de rigidez arterial y una mayor estimación de la edad arterial con relación a adultos normotensos.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Hypoxic peripheral chemoreflex stimulation-dependent cardiorespiratory coupling is decreased in swimmer athletes
    (Wiley, 2024) Andrade, David C.; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Toledo, Camilo; Guerrero-Henríquez, Juan; Álvarez, Cristian; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Millet, Gregoire P.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Swimmer athletes showed a decreased ventilatory response and reduced sympathetic activation during peripheral hypoxic chemoreflex stimulation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that swimmers develop a diminished cardiorespiratory coupling due to their decreased hypoxic peripheral response. To resolve this hypothesis, we conducted a study using coherence time-varying analysis to assess the cardiorespiratory coupling in swimmer athletes. We recruited 12 trained swimmers and 12 control subjects for our research. We employed wavelet time-varying spectral coherence analysis to examine the relationship between the respiratory frequency (Rf) and the heart rate (HR) time series during normoxia and acute chemoreflex activation induced by five consecutive inhalations of 100% N2. Comparing swimmers to control subjects, we observed a significant reduction in the hypoxic ventilatory responses to N2 in swimmers (0.012 ± 0.001 vs. 0.015 ± 0.001 ΔVE/ΔVO2, and 0.365 ± 0.266 vs. 1.430 ± 0.961 ΔVE/ΔVCO2/ΔSpO2, both p < 0.001, swimmers vs. control, respectively). Furthermore, the coherence at the LF cutoff during hypoxia was significantly lower in swimmers compared to control subjects (20.118 ± 3.502 vs. 24.935 ± 3.832 area under curve [AUC], p < 0.012, respectively). Our findings strongly indicate that due to their diminished chemoreflex control, swimmers exhibited a substantial decrease in cardiorespiratory coupling during hypoxic stimulation.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Residual impact of concurrent, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on fasting measures of glucose metabolism in women with insulin resistance
    (Frontiers Media, 2021) Álvarez, Cristian; Ciolac, Emmanuel Gomes; Veiga Guimarães, Guilherme; Andrade, David C.; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Monsalves Álvarez, Matías; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    We sought to assess the residual effects (post 72-h training cessation) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), or concurrent training (CT) in women with insulin resistance (IR). We also aimed to determine the training-induced, post-training residual impact of CT. A total of adult 45 women (age 38.5±9.2years) were included in the final analysis and were assigned to a control (CG; n=13, BMI 28.3±3.6kg/m2), HIIT [n=14, BMI 28.6±3.6kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80–100% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax)], RT [n=8, BMI 29.4±5.5kg/m2, two sessions/wk., 8–10 points of the modified Borg, corresponding to 20 to 50% range of one maximum repetition test (1RM)], or CT group (n=10, BMI 29.1±3.0kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80–100% of HRmax, and 8–10 Borg, or 20 to 50% range of 1RM, to each HIIT and RT compounds), with the latter including both HIIT and RT regimens. Training interventions lasted 12-weeks. The main outcomes were FPG and FI measured at pre- and 24-h and 72-h post-training (FPG24h, FI24h, and FPG72h, FI72h, respectively). Secondary endpoints were body composition/anthropometry and the adiposity markers waist circumference (WC) and tricípital skinfold (TSF). The residual effects 72-h post-training [delta (∆)] were significantly poorer (all p<0.01) in the CT group (∆FPG72h+6.6mg/dl, η2: 0.76) than in the HIIT (∆FPG72h+1.2mg/dl, η2: 0.07) and RT (∆FPG72h+1.0mg/dl, η2: 0.05) groups. These findings reveal that HIIT reduces FPG and RT reduces FI 24-h post-training; both exercise interventions alone have remarkably better residual effects on FPG and FI (post-72h) than CT in women with insulin resistance.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Role of the ventilatory chemoreflex as respiratory adaptation mechanism in competitive level swimmers
    (2023) Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Andrade, David C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    La presente tesis doctoral está basada en la publicación de 4 estudios que tienen como objetivo analizar el rol del quimiorreflejo periférico sobre el tiempo de apnea en atletas nadadores de nivel competitivo para lo cual se realizaron experimentos en población que va desde modelos animales, humanos físicamente activos y deportistas nadadores de nivel competitivo.