Browsing by Author "Cofre-Bolados, Cristian"

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Effects of a periodized aerobic training in submaximal cardorespiratory parameters in octogenarians
    (2024) Vidal Díaz, Félix Andrés; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Cofre-Bolados, Cristian; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    La presente disertación doctoral se centra en test de ejercicio cardiopulmonar (CPET), los cuales proporcionan una evaluación global de la respuesta integrada al ejercicio que involucra los sistemas pulmonar, cardiovascular, neuropsicológico y del músculo esquelético. Esta información no se puede obtener a través de la investigación de los sistemas de órganos individuales de forma aislada. La descripción general fisiológica dinámica y no invasiva permite la evaluación de las respuestas de ejercicio tanto máximas como submaximas, proporcionando a los profesionales de la salud información relevante para la toma de decisiones clínicas. Durante la CPET se obtienen diferentes datos ventilatorios maximos y submáximos, ambos con implicaciones clínicas, diagnósticas y/o pronósticas, las cuales son una medida objetiva de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (CRF) pero exigen un esfuerzo máximo o submáximos por parte del individuo. Esta tesis se basa en dos estudios científicos que han sido publicados o enviados para su publicación revistas científicas internacionales. En el primer estudio (Capitulo 1) nuestro objetivo fue describir parámetros submáximos seleccionados en un CPET en una muestra de adultos octogenarios no frágiles y desentrenados, que llevan 18 meses sin ejercicio físico regular, debido a las limitaciones de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2, y comparar los resultados obtenidos contra valores propuestos en otros estudios utilizados como referencia para el análisis. En el segundo estudio (capitulo 2) el objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico de alta intensidad periodizado (PEZO-BT) en octogenarios, centrándose en los efectos ergospirometricos submáximos.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Periodized aerobic training between thresholds improves submaximal cardiorespiratory parameters in octogenarians
    (MDPI, 2023) Cofre-Bolados, Cristian; Vidal Díaz, Félix Andrés; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor; Betancourt-Peters, Ignacio; Orihuela, Pedro A.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background and Aims: The worldwide aging population is expanding, with more individuals living into their 80s. Physiological functions decline gradually with age, compounded by sedentary lifestyles. Incorporating physical activity into daily routine is crucial for maintaining independence. This study aimed to assess a periodized high-intensity aerobic training program (PEZO-BT) in octogenarians, focusing on submaximal ergospirometry effects. Methods: A total of 48 non-frail octogenarian subjects (12 females, 36 males) were randomized into control and intervention groups. All subjects underwent submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas analysis at baseline, stopping after the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Our intervention group completed a 14-week PEZO-BT aerobic training program. The outcomes were oxygen consumption at first ventilatory threshold (VO2AT), ventilatory efficiency slope (VE/VCO2), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP), oxygen pulse change (ΔVO2/HR) from anaerobic threshold (AT) to respiratory compensation point (RCP), and power output at anaerobic threshold (POAT). Results: Mixed ANOVA examined time and treatment effects. If significance emerged, post hoc t-tests were used to compare significances between groups. The homogeneity of variance was assessed using Levene’s test. Chi-square tests compared ergospirometry criteria and ventilatory performance within groups. The mean differences at post intervention were significant in VO2AT (p < 0.001), VE/VCO2 (p < 0.001), ΔVO2/HR (p < 0.05), and POAT (p < 0.001), while OUES and COP were not significant (p > 0.05). However, clinical effects were observed in the entire intervention group. Conclusions: Training improved exercise capacity and workload. Overall, this periodic aerobic and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program yielded significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in previously untrained octogenarians with and without comorbidities. The findings suggest implications for promoting long-term healthy aging.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Sub maximal ergospirometry parameters in untrained non-frail octogenarian subjects
    (MDPI, 2022) Cofre-Bolados, Cristian; Ferrari, Gerson; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro; Vidal Díaz, Félix Andrés; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background and objectives: the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, and in octogenarian elderly, a cardiorespiratory test with gas analysis is more effective in determining the risk of mortality than applying the conventional risk factors. Materials and Methods: 25 untrained non-frail octogenarian subjects (four men) performed a submaximal test with gas analysis, which was stopped after the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was reached. The variables analyzed were oxygen consumption at the first threshold (VO2 VT1); ventilatory class (VE/VCO2); oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP); oxygen pulse difference between VT2 and VT1 (diff. VO2/HR VT2-VT1). Results: the variables were classified categorically based on cut-off points present in the literature, where the variable with the highest percentage of altered cases was dif. VO2/HR VT2-VT1 at 48%; followed by VO2 VT1 at 40%, OUES at 36%, COP at 32%, and VE/VCO2 at 24%. Chi-square analysis between the measured parameters defined that normal and altered variables were related to each other, except for the variable VE/VCO2 and OUES. Conclusions: it was found that the main altered variable was the oxygen pulse and the least altered variable was VCO2/VCO2; there was only a statistically significant difference in a pair of OUES vs. VE/VCO2 variables.