Browsing by Author "Sopena Serna, Carlos"
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Publication Open Access Conversion of a commercial gasoline vehicle to run bi-fuel (hydrogen-gasoline)(Elsevier, 2012) Sáinz Casas, David; Diéguez Elizondo, Pedro; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Urroz Unzueta, José Carlos; Gandía Pascual, Luis; Ingeniería; IngeniaritzaBi-fuel internal combustion engine vehicles allowing the operation with gasoline or diesel and hydrogen have great potential for speeding up the introduction of hydrogen in the transport sector. This would also contribute to alleviate the problem of urban air pollution. In this work, the modifications carried out to convert a Volkswagen Polo 1.4 into a bi-fuel (hydrogen-gasoline) car are described. Changes included the incorporation of a storage system based on compressed hydrogen, a machined intake manifold with a low-pressure accumulator where the hydrogen injectors were assembled, a new electronic control unit managing operation on hydrogen and an electrical junction box to control the change from a fuel to another. Change of fuel is very simple and does not require stopping the car. Road tests with hydrogen fuel gave a maximum speed of 125 km/h and an estimated consumption of 1 kg of hydrogen per 100 km at an average speed of 90 km/h. Vehicle conversion to bi-fuel operation is technically feasible and cheap.Publication Open Access Conversion of a commercial spark ignition engine to run on hydrogen: performance comparison using hydrogen and gasoline(Elsevier, 2010) Sopena Serna, Carlos; Diéguez Elizondo, Pedro; Sáinz Casas, David; Urroz Unzueta, José Carlos; Guelbenzu, E.; Gandía Pascual, Luis; Ingeniería; IngeniaritzaThe modifications performed to convert the spark ignition gasoline-fueled internal combustion engine of a Volkswagen Polo 1.4 to run with hydrogen are described. The car is representative of small vehicles widely used for both city and interurban traffic. Main changes included the inlet manifold, gas injectors, oil radiator and the electronic management unit. Injection and ignition advance timing maps were developed for lean mixtures with values of the air to hydrogen equivalence ratio (λ) between 1.6 and 3. The established engine control parameters allowed the safe operation of the hydrogen-fueled engine (H2ICE) free of knock, backfire and pre-ignition as well with reasonably low NOx emissions. The H2ICE reached best brake torque of 63 Nm at 3800 rpm and maximum brake power of 32 kW at 5000 rpm. In general, the brake thermal efficiency of the H2ICE is greater than that of gasoline-fueled engine except for the H2ICE working at very lean conditions (λ = 2.5) and high speeds (above 4000 rpm). A significant effect of the spark advance on the NOx emissions has been found, specially for relatively rich mixtures (λ < 2). Small changes of spark advance with respect to the optimum value for maximum brake torque give rise to an increase of pollutant emissions. It has been estimated that the hydrogen-fueled Volkswagen Polo could reach a maximum speed of 140 km/h with the adapted engine. Moreover, there is enough reserve of power for the vehicle moving on typical urban routes and routes with slopes up to 10%.Publication Open Access Conversion of a gasoline engine-generator set to a bi-fuel (hydrogen/gasoline) electronic fuel-injected power unit(Elsevier, 2011) Sáinz Casas, David; Diéguez Elizondo, Pedro; Urroz Unzueta, José Carlos; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Guelbenzu Michelena, Eugenio; Pérez Ezcurdia, Amaya; Benito Amurrio, Marta; Marcelino Sádaba, Sara; Arzamendi, G.; Gandía Pascual, Luis; Ingeniería; IngeniaritzaThe modifications performed to convert a gasoline carbureted engine-generator set to a bi-fuel (hydrogen/gasoline) electronic fuel-injected power unit are described. Main changes affected the gasoline and gas injectors, the injector seats on the existing inlet manifold, camshaft and crankshaft wheels with their corresponding Hall sensors, throttle position and oil temperature sensors as well as the electronic management unit. When working on gasoline, the engine-generator set was able to provide up to 8 kW of continuous electric power (10 kW peak power), whereas working on hydrogen it provided up to 5 kW of electric power at an engine speed of 3000 rpm. The air-to-fuel equivalence ratio (λ) was adjusted to stoichiometric (λ = 1) for gasoline. In contrast, when using hydrogen the engine worked ultra-lean (λ = 3) in the absence of connected electric load and richer as the load increased. Comparisons of the fuel consumptions and pollutant emissions running on gasoline and hydrogen were performed at the same engine speed and electric loads between 1 and 5 kW. The specific fuel consumption was much lower with the engine running on hydrogen than on gasoline. At 5 kW of load up to 26% of thermal efficiency was reached with hydrogen whereas only 20% was achieved with the engine running on gasoline. Regarding the NOx emissions, they were low, of the order of 30 ppm for loads below 4 kW for the engine-generator set working on hydrogen. The bi-fuel engine is very reliable and the required modifications can be performed without excessive difficulties thus allowing taking advantage of the well-established existing fabrication processes of internal combustion engines looking to speed up the implementation of the energetic uses of hydrogen.Publication Restricted Desarrollo de sistemas avanzados de "Impingement" para refrigeración de turbinas de gas(2005) Estaún Echavarren, Carlos; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Desarrollo de un simulador de motores alternativos de combustión interna de encendido provocado para la fase cerrada del ciclo de funcionamiento(2005) Mota Miranda, Nelson da; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Establecimiento de un centro de pruebas en una fábrica de coches(2001) Sanz Mendía, Ioseba; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Estudio numérico para la aplicación de ranuras circunferenciales en escalonamientos de turbinas de alta presión(2009) Irureta Vela, Ignacio; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Estudio sobre la viabilidad de limitar el consumo de motor VR6 mediante la reducción del número total de cilindros activos(2004) Gil Ongay, Edgar; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Estudio y diseño de un motor stirling alimentado con energía solar para producción eléctrica en poblaciones rurales(2008) Zardoya Illana, Javier; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola TeknikoaPublication Restricted Obtención del diagrama del ciclo indicado en un motor de encendido provocado mediante un sistema de adquisición de datos(2005) Sala Gil de Avalle, Pablo; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Proyecto de diseño y construcción de un sistema de gestión electrónica para un motor de encendido provocado(2006) Sáinz Casas, David; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola TeknikoaPublication Restricted Puesta a punto de un motor de 2 tiempos. Escape(2009) Cildoz Guembe, Ángela; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Puesta a punto de un motor de 2 tiempos. Sistema de admisión(2009) Cildoz Guembe, María; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Rear wing / diffuser interactions(2003) Zalacain Díez, Íñigo; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen IngeniaritzaPublication Restricted Simulación del proceso de admisión en un MCIA alimentado con hidrógeno(2007) Aldaz Unzu, Mikel; Diéguez Elizondo, Pedro; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola TeknikoaPublication Restricted Sobrealimentación de un motor de encendido por comprensión(2004) Ruiz Aranguren, Daniel; Sopena Serna, Carlos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales y de Telecomunicación; Telekomunikazio eta Industria Ingeniarien Goi Mailako Eskola Teknikoa; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza