Dpto. Sociología y Trabajo Social Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana Saila [desde mayo 2018 / 2018ko maiatzetik]

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Dpto. Sociología - Soziologia Saila

Dpto. Trabajo Social - Gizarte Lana Saila

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Open Access
Bayesian modeling approach in Big Data contexts: an application in spatial epidemiology
(IEEE, 2020) Orozco Acosta, Erick; Adin Urtasun, Aritz; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
In this work we propose a novel scalable Bayesian modeling approach to smooth mortality risks borrowing information from neighbouring regions in high-dimensional spatial disease mapping contexts. The method is based on the well-known divide and conquer approach, so that the spatial domain is divided into D subregions where local spatial models can be fitted simultaneously. Model fitting and inference has been carried out using the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) technique. Male colorectal cancer mortality data in the municipalities of continental Spain have been analyzed using the new model proposals. Results show that the new modeling approach is very competitive in terms of model fitting criteria when compared with a global spatial model, and it is computationally much more efficient.
Open Access
Crime against women in India: unveiling spatial patterns and temporal trends of dowry deaths in the districts of Uttar Pradesh
(Wiley, 2020) Vicente Fuenzalida, Gonzalo; Goicoa Mangado, Tomás; Fernández Rasines, Paloma; Ugarte Martínez, María Dolores; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
Crimes against women in India have been continuously increasing lately as reported by the National Crime Records Bureau. Gender-based violence has become a serious issue to such an extent that it has been catalogued as a high impact health problem by the World Health Organization. However, there is a lack of spatiotemporal analyses to reveal a complete picture of the geographical and temporal patterns of crimes against women. We focus on analysing how the geographical pattern of 'dowry deaths' changes over time in the districts of Uttar Pradesh during the period 2001–2014. The study of the geographical distribution of dowry death incidence and its evolution over time aims to identify specific regions that exhibit high risks and to hypothesize on potential risk factors. We also look into different spatial priors and their effects on final risk estimates. Various priors for the hyperparameters are also reviewed. The risk estimates seem to be robust in terms of the spatial prior and hyperprior choices and final results highlight several districts with extreme risks of dowry death incidence. Statistically significant associations are also found between dowry deaths, sex ratio and some forms of overall crime.
Open Access
The multidimensional conception of social exclusion and the aggregation dilemma: a solution proposal based on multiple correspondence analysis
(Springer, 2021) Laparra Navarro, Miguel; Zugasti Mutilva, Nerea; García Lautre, Ignacio; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
The main objective of the article is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to offer a critical analysis of the different operationalizations of the concept of social exclusion at the international level, including reflection on widely used methods such as the at risk of poverty or social exclusion rate. On the other hand, it offers an empirically tested proposal of indicator aggregation for the measurement of social exclusion. The debate regarding the measurement of social exclusion has been widely addressed, but there are hardly any proposals that test different systems of indicator aggregation. The multiple correspondence analysis allows the implementation of a new approach for measuring the weights of the indicators, based on the distance to the integration point, which is understood as the absence of problems. The proposed new system shows an important potential to be extrapolated to the comparative measurement of social exclusion, also allowing the comparison of different social groups. The empirical reference used for the analysis is the Survey on Social Needs and Social Integration of the FOESSA Foundation for Spain 2018.
Open Access
New third order low-storage SSP explicit Runge-Kutta methods
(Springer, 2019) Higueras Sanz, Inmaculada; Roldán Marrodán, Teodoro; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
When a high dimension system of ordinary differential equations is solved numerically, the computer memory capacity may be exhausted. Thus, for such systems, it is important to incorporate low memory usage to some other properties of the scheme. In the context of strong stability preserving (SSP) schemes, some low-storage methods have been considered in the literature. In this paper we study 5-stage third order 2N low-storage SSP explicit Runge-Kutta schemes. These are SSP schemes that can be implemented with 2N memory registers, where N is the dimension of the problem, and retain the previous time step approximation. This last property is crucial for a variable step size implementation of the scheme. In this paper, first we show that the optimal SSP methods cannot be implemented with 2N memory registers. Next, two non-optimal SSP 2N low-storage methods are constructed; although their SSP coefficients are not optimal, they achieve some other interesting properties. Finally, we show some numerical experiments.
Open Access
Psychosocial adjustment of in-home caregivers of family members with dementia and parkinson's disease: a comparative study
(Hindawi, 2020) Lopes Dos Santos, María Cristina; Navarta Sánchez, María Victoria; Moler Cuiral, José Antonio; García Lautre, Ignacio; Anaut Bravo, Sagrario; Portillo Vega, María Carmen; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and dementia are highly prevalent worldwide. People who suffer from these disorders often receive in-home care and assistance from family members, who must dedicate a considerable amount of time to the care recipient. The study of family caregivers' psychosocial adjustment to the degenerative processes of both conditions is of interest due to the implications for the quality of life of both the care receiver and the caregiver, as well as other family members. This study compares the psychosocial adjustment of family members who care for people with dementia and Parkinson's disease and identifies the main sociodemographic variables that affect the processes of adjustment to both conditions. To this end, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR) and a sociodemographic form were administered to 157 family caregivers in Navarre, Spain. The results show that adjustment to the disease in family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease and dementia is, in general, satisfactory and related to variables such as place of residence, income, and employment status. The illness itself (Parkinson's or dementia), however, is found to be the most influential variable in the level of psychosocial adjustment.
Open Access
Scale recoding in sociological research: a new validation methodology. An application to a political survey
(CSIC, 2019) Abascal Fernández, Elena; Díaz de Rada Igúzquiza, Vidal; García Lautre, Ignacio; Landaluce, M. Isabel; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
La recodificación de variables es una etapa habitual en el análisis de datos de encuesta. No está exenta de riesgos, como pueden ser la introducción de sesgos o las posibles deformaciones de los datos originales. En este trabajo se propone una metodología de validación de cualquier recodificación, tanto de variables de escala métrica, como de escala categórica para reducir el número de categorías. El objetivo de la metodología propuesta es comprobar la adecuación de la recodificación, indicando en qué medida los datos recodificados mantienen la misma estructura de los datos originales. La metodología se basa en el uso de un método factorial, Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA), aplicado sobre una tabla global obtenida como yuxtaposición de los datos medidos con la escala original y los mismos datos medidos con la escala recodificada. El procedimiento ha sido testado a partir de un conjunto de datos reales extraídos de una encuesta de opinión pública sobre los principales políticos del Parlamento Español.

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