Comunicaciones y ponencias de congresos DIEE - IEES Biltzarretako komunikazioak eta txostenak

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Open Access
All fiber interferometer for ice detection
(Optica Publishing Group, 2018) Arozarena Arana, Jesús Antonio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This work presents an etched single-mode - multimode - single-mode structure that detects the solid-to-liquid change of state of the water due to an increased refractive index sensitivity within the 1.308 - 1.321 RIU range
Open Access
An antibacterial surface coating composed of PAH/SiO2 nanostructurated films by Layer by Layer
(2009) Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Ruete Ibarrola, Leyre; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In this article we propose a novel antibacterial coating composed of SiO2 and the polymer Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on glass slides by the technique Layer-by- Layer (LbL)1. This technique has already used in previous works, and it has the advantage that it allows to control the construction of nanosized and well organized multilayer films. In this work, the new nanotexturized LbL SiO2 surface acts as antibacterial agent. The fabricated coatings have been tested in bacterial cultures of genus Lactobacillus to observe their antibacterial properties.
Open Access
Characterization of a hybrid Fabry-Pérot Cavity based on a four-bridge double-Y-shape-core microstructured fiber
(SPIE, 2014-06-02) Rodrigues Pinto, Ana Margarida; López Aldaba, Aitor; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Frazão, Orlando; Santos, José Luís; Baptista, José Manuel; Baierl, Hardy; Auguste, Jean-Louis; Jamier, Raphael; Roy, Philippe; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
In this work, a hybrid Fabry-Perot interferometer based on a novel four-bridge microstructured fiber is presented and characterized. The characterization of this cavity is performed in the L-band using two different instruments: an optical spectrum analyzer and an optical backscatter reflectometer. The Fabry-Perot output signal presents linear variation with temperature changes (sensitivity 9.8-11.9 pm/ºC), variation with the polarization states of light and high stability.
Open Access
A comparative study of degradation and performance of thin film photovoltaic generators versus a multi-crystalline generator
(2013) Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
Thin film solar cells (TFSC) are supposed to have higher energy yield rates than crystalline silicon (Si-x) mainly possible by some enhancements like lower temperature coefficient and higher absorption of diffuse light. Although several papers deal with this topic, there are uncertainties and there is no conclusive outcome to their performance compared to Si-x. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the state of the art on this topic providing experimental data of degradation and performance of several commercially available TFSC generators (CdTe, CIGS, a-Si, a Si/µSi) and a conventional Si x. The energy yield of the TFSC generators during two years is compared to the Si-x one which is supposed to be the standard.
Open Access
Comparison of State-of-Charge estimation methods for stationary Lithium-ion batteries
(IEEE, 2016) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
An accurate monitoring of the State of Charge (SoC) is mandatory for an efficient management of a Lithium-ion battery. Batteries of stationary systems barely have long resting periods when the cumulative errors can be reset. These special requirements make a robust and accurate SoC estimation algorithm necessary. A real stationary system including an experimental microgrid with renewable energy generation, home consumption and a 5.3 kWh Li-ion storage system is analyzed in this paper. Three representative SoC monitoring algorithms are applied and compared in terms of accuracy and robustness to battery aging and current measurement offset. A closed-loop method consisting of an adaptive filter and a state observer achieves best results while having a reasonable computational complexity.
Open Access
Compensation of forecast error in large PV plants with battery storage: associated strategies
(2017) Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Muñoz Escribano, Mikel; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
As penetration rates of utility-scale photovoltaics (PV) increases, large PV plants will participate in the daily wholesale electricity market in the same way that wind farms. Then, PV plant owner can receive some kind of economic penalty depending on the forecast deviation. This opens the way to use a battery energy storage system (BESS) to compensate the prediction errors. Taking advance of the several 1-hour intra-diary market sessions, the PV plant owner can correct the prediction for the next hours. Hence, a 1-hour BESS SOC control can be implemented to avoid large energy requirements. Here we present two novel strategies which allow a large PV-BESS plant to fulfil the programme referred.
Open Access
Control strategy for an integrated photovoltaic-battery system
(IEEE, 2017) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
In photovoltaic-battery systems, more attention is usually paid to the MPPT control while the battery management is put aside. This paper proposes two control strategies for an integrated PV-battery system, both of them making it possible to perform MPPT or regulate the battery voltage to its maximum value in order to prevent it from overcharging. Simulation results prove the feasibility of both controls.
Open Access
Design of multi-layered radiative cooling structures using evolutionary algorithms
(IEEE, 2022) Lezaun Capdevila, Carlos; Jorajuria Gómez, Tania; Torres García, Alicia E.; Herrera, Pilar; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In this work we present a novel way to design thinfilm radiative cooling metamaterials based on genetic algorithms. Three simulations with different design constraints have been done, resulting in three structures that achieve 39.96 W/m2 , 57.78 W/m2 and 61.77 W/m2 under direct sunlight, respectively. These structures are shorter than 5 µm of height and are composed of 9, 15 and 24 layers. This design method has the advantages of being automatable, needs fewer design experience in metamaterials and does not rely on commercial simulators. This work opens the path to an easy way of automated design of thin-film multi-layered devices for radiative cooling and other applications in the infrared range.
Open Access
Enhancing the infrared and visible emission properties of calcium silicate hydrate for radiative cooling using metamaterials
(IEEE, 2022) Lezaun Capdevila, Carlos; Dolado, Jorge S.; Torres García, Alicia E.; Pérez Escudero, José Manuel; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
Two periodic structures composed of metal cylinders with different orientations are used to improve the solar reflection of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) while maintaining its atmospheric emission. Interesting effects have been found when the distance between bars is small, suggesting that lattice effects, arising from the interaction between the rods could be leveraged in the design of these metamaterials. The size of the metal bars is selected based on state of the art micro-manufacturing techniques. This study limits its scope to a CSH gel model; i.e. the most important component of cement-based materials. Further research will be undertaken to consider a best description of the dielectric function of concrete.
Open Access
Fiber-optic immunosensor based on lossy mode resonances induced by indium tin oxide thin-films
(IEEE, 2017) Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
A novel immunosensor based on lossy mode resonances (LMRs) induced in optical fibers is developed in this contribution. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is sputtered on the optical substrate to generate an LMR in the transmission spectrum. Type G immunoglobulins (IgGs) are then attached to the ITO-coated fiber using (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). A phosphate buffer saline solution containing anti-IgGs is used to detect the biological reactions. The presented device is capable of detecting anti-IgG concentrations up to 10 nM. These results will permit the fabrication of biosensors based on a covalent attachment of bioreceptors over an LMR inducing thin-film.
Open Access
Humidity sensor based on a long-period fiber grating coated with a hydrophobic thin film
(2010) Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
In this work it is proposed a novel fiber optic humidity sensor based on a functionally coated long-period fiber grating (LPG). The coating is composed of tetraorthosilicate matrix functionalized with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and its fabrication was performed by the sol-gel technique using a dip coating process using the LPG as substrate. This technique allows to fabricate sensitive films in a fast and simple way compared to other overlay fabrication techniques. The fabricated sensor was tested in a programmable temperature and climatic chamber. Relative humidity (RH) was varied in range from 20%RH to 80%RH at room temperature. The results showed a smooth exponential-like wavelength shift of the LPG attenuation band.
Open Access
Hydrogen-lithium energy storage for a stand-alone microgrid
(2016) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
Sizing of the storage system for a stand-alone application: Satisfaction of technical requirements; Based on real data from an experimental microgrid; Long lifetime; Lowest price
Open Access
Influence of saturable absorbers on fiber ring laser sensors
(SPIE, 2017) Rodríguez Cobo, Luis; Quintela, M. A.; Ruiz Lombera, Rubén; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; López Higuera, José Miguel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
In this work, a fiber ring laser sensor has been employed to analyze the influence of passive Er-doped fiber acting as saturable absorber. Lasing modes of fiber ring lasers can be reduced by properly locating a saturable absorber that narrows the spectral width of the FBG that selects the lasing wavelength. Employing commercial Er-doped fiber, different configurations have been evaluated, reaching the SLM regime on a ring cavity of several meters. Thus, the achieved strain response of the whole sensor behaves at its mirror FBG, exhibiting linear response to strain.
Open Access
Lithium-ion battery model and experimental validation
(2015) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Irigaray, Víctor; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
A simple battery model is useful for: Sizing of the storage system for a particular application; Designing other elements connected to the battery; Managing the storage system operation. This poster consists on: Tests to characterize a lithium-ion battery at Ta=23 ⁰C. Methodology to fit the parameters of the battery model; Parameter trends related to the state of charge; Experimental validation and model accuracy.
Open Access
Modulated fiber ring laser and its application in high-sensitivity temperature sensors
(SPIE, 2016) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Tainta Ausejo, Santiago; Erro Betrán, María José; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
This work presents an experimental demonstration of a scheme based on an internally modulated fiber ring laser for high-sensitivity temperature sensing. The attained temperature resolution has been as low as ± 2pm even when a commercial FBG with a sensitivity of 10 pm/°C was used. Thus, a fivefold improvement in the temperature sensor resolution can be achieved when compared to a simple FBG interrogation scheme. In addition to this, the measuring range could be selected only by changing the frequency modulation of the fiber ring laser. This technology also allows to triple the photodiode bandwidth unambiguously when temperature or strain measurements are carried out, which is a remarkable achievement in term of cost reduction.
Open Access
A novel camera phone-based platform for Sol-Gel-derived fluorescence pH sensing
(2013) Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Wencel, D.; O’Driscoll, S.; O’Reilly, B.; Abel, T.; Somers, M.; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; McDonagh, C.; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this work a novel camera phone system for fluorescence-based sol-gel-derived pH sensing is presented. The sol-gel based pH material, a microfluidic chip and a camera phone have been combined to obtain a fluorescence-based sensing system for fast and easy pH measurements.
Open Access
On the calculation of the STC power of PV generators by using typical monitoring system data
(2017) Muñoz Escribano, Mikel; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
The properly in-field characterization of the power at Standard Test Conditions, PSTC, of PV generators is becoming increasingly important in order to evaluate their performance and its evolution in time. Within the state of art, the PSTC characterization procedures of PV arrays are mainly based on I-V curve measurements or PDC measurements performed by precision wattmeters. Those characterizations are usually carried out during discrete measurement campaigns, which does not allow a continuous tracking of the PSTC evolution. In this paper a new PSTC characterization procedure is proposed which is based on the DC power measurements performed by the own PV inverters connected to the PV arrays. This procedure enables an automatic and continuous calculation of the PSTC, which allows to observe its evolution and to detect possible anomalous trends, premature degradations, etc. The procedure has been validated in several PV generators of the large-scale Amareleja PV Plant (45.6 MWp). As showed in this paper, by using several day data and applying the adequate filters, a high accuracy in the PSTC calculation can be achieved, a similar accuracy to that obtained by using precision wattmeter measurements.
Open Access
On the stability criteria for inverter current control loops with LCL output filters and varying grid impedance
(IEEE, 2017) Lumbreras Magallón, David; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
The use of LC and LCL filters and grid impedance variations are creating new challenges on the controller design for current control loops of photovoltaic and wind turbine inverters. In the design process, stability criteria such as Bode and revised Bode are commonly used. This paper analyses the limitations of Bode and revised Bode criteria to reliably determine stability and proposes a sufficient and necessary stability criterion, based on the Nyquist criterion, but that makes use of the Bode diagram. The proposed criterion, named generalized Bode criterion, is always reliable and helps the controller design. Relative stability in complex control loops is also studied and a relative stability analysis is proposed. Finally, the generalized Bode criterion and the proposed relative stability analysis are illustrated with a practical example in which a PI is designed in order to guarantee stability and achieve relative stability.
Open Access
Optical sensor based on polymer electrospun nanofibers for sensing humidity
(2011) Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
A novel humidity sensor based on polymer electrospun nanofibers coating onto an optical fiber is proposed in this work. The coating is composed of poly(acrylic acid), and its fabrication was performed by the electrospinning technique using an optical fiber core as substrate. This technique allows the fabrication of sensitive films with high surface area in a fast and simple way compared to other overlay fabrication techniques. The sensor was tested in a programmable temperature and humidity climatic chamber. Relative Humidity (RH) was varied in the range from 20%RH to 80%RH at room temperature. The results showed a monotonic variation of the absorbance spectra to RH changes, thus obtaining a successful humidity sensor.
Open Access
PV power forecasting using a parametric model
(2015) Muñoz Escribano, Mikel; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
Nowadays, accurate AC power output forecast of PV plants can play a significant role for both the system operators and PV plant owners. The first group has to program the dispatch of the electric system and the second one needs to plan their energy commercialization schedule up front. Therefore, after analyzing the existing commercial services of PV production forecast, it has been identified the potential to improve the models used to calculate the AC power output from irradiance and ambient temperature forecasts. Then, in this paper, a parametric model is proposed in order to improve the forecast performance. This model provides the AC power at the output of the PV plan using as input variables predicted ambient temperature and predicted global horizontal irradiance, both obtained from open sources. It has been evaluated and validated using historical production data of a fixed generator (2,24kWp) and a large PV power plant (45MWp) and historical forecast data from the open source Meteogalicia In addition, a toolbox to implement this parametric methodology has been built upon the Matlab environment. The toolbox has been developed to provide the PV plant production one day in advance.