IMAB - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology
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Browsing IMAB - Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology by Department/Institute "Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD"
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Publication Open Access Cubierta vegetal bajo las cepas: una alternativa al control de las malas hierbas en los viñedos(INTIA (Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias), 2023) Abad Zamora, Francisco Javier; Cibriain Sabalza, Félix; Sagüés Sarasa, Ana; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Lezáun San Martín, Juan Antonio; Fabo Boneta, Jesús María; Virto Quecedo, Íñigo; Imbert Rodríguez, Bosco; Marín Arroyo, Remedios; Garbisu Crespo, Carlos; Ciencias; Zientziak; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODEn este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos con una cubierta vegetal de trébol sembrada bajo las cepas para competir con las malas hierbas, de manera que no sea necesario recurrir al empleo de herbicidas o laboreos intercepas.Publication Open Access Evaluation of a crop rotation with biological inhibition potential to avoid N2O emissions in comparison with synthetic nitrification inhibition(Elsevier, 2023) Bozal-Leorri, Adrián; Corrochano Monsalve, Mario; Arregui Odériz, Luis Miguel; Aparicio Tejo, Pedro María; González Murua, Carmen; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMABAgriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops’ low nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) after the application of nitrogen-fertilisers. Practices like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitrification inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4- dimethylpyrazole phosphate) have been adopted to reduce nitrogen losses. Otherwise, cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and benefit the following culture. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) could be a good candidate as it is drought tolerant and its culture can reduce nitrogen losses derived from nitrification because it exudates biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs). This work aimed to evaluate the effect of fallow-wheat and sorghum cover crop-wheat rotations on N2O emissions and the grain yield of winter wheat crop. In addition, the suitability of DMPP addition was also analyzed. The use of sorghum as a cover crop might not be a suitable option to mitigate nitrogen losses in the subsequent crop. Although sorghum–wheat rotation was able to reduce 22% the abundance of amoA, it presented an increment of 77% in cumulative N2O emissions compared to fallow–wheat rotation, which was probably related to a greater abundance of heterotrophic-denitrification genes. On the other hand,the application of DMPP avoided the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintained the N2O emissions at the levels of unfertilized-soils in both rotations. As a conclusion, the use of DMPP would be recommendable regardless of the rotation since it maintains NH4 + in the soil for longer and mitigates the impact of the crop residues on nitrogen soil dynamicsPublication Open Access Identificación de síntomas previsuales de salinidad mediante imágenes hiperespectrales infrarrojas en vid(Sociedad Española de Ciencias Hortícolas, 2022) Arazuri Garín, Silvia; Pérez Roncal, Claudia; Jarén Ceballos, Carmen; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Marín Ederra, Diana; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; López Maestresalas, Ainara; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODLos niveles altos de salinidad que se pueden producir en un viñedo, asociados generalmente al uso de aguas de baja calidad genera un tipo de estrés abiótico que limita la producción de la uva y afecta a la calidad de los vinos. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la monitorización de los cultivos en la toma de decisiones para una buena gestión del viñedo, se plantea como objetivo de este trabajo la identificación previsual de síntomas de estrés abiótico en viña por medio de la tecnología de imágenes hiperespectrales en el infrarrojo cercano (HSI-NIR). Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, se realizó un ensayo en maceta en la Finca de Prácticas de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y Biociencias de la UPNA. El ensayo se realizó con plantas de un año de la variedad Monastrell sobre dos portainjertos 110R y 1103P. Se establecieron dos tratamientos: control (regado con agua de riego no salina) y salinidad (agua de riego con una concentración de sal común de 1,6 g/l). Entre finales de agosto y principios de septiembre se realizaron tres muestreos de hojas, analizando un total de 600 hojas (100 hojas/tratamiento y día). Las imágenes se tomaron con una cámara hiperespectral Xeva 1.7-320-100Hz, con rango espectral 900-1700nm. Una vez procesadas las imágenes se realizó una clasificación mediante un análisis discriminante por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-DA) obteniéndose un porcentaje de muestras correctamente clasificadas en su grupo de origen (control o salinidad) del 82 % el primer día de muestreo, y del 87 % a partir del segundo día. A partir de estos datos podemos concluir que es posible identificar, mediante la tecnología HSI-NIR, síntomas en plantas sometidas a un tratamiento de riego con agua salina antes de que aparezcan síntomas en las hojas.Publication Open Access Monitoring rainfed alfalfa growth in semiarid agrosystems using Sentinel-2 imagery(MDPI, 2021) Echeverría Obanos, Andrés; Urmeneta, Alejandro; González de Audícana Amenábar, María; González de Andrés, Ester; Zientziak; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias; Ingeniería; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThe aim of this study was to assess the utility of Sentinel-2 images in the monitoring of the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of rainfed alfalfa in semiarid areas such as that of Bardenas Reales in Spain. FVC was sampled in situ using 1 m2 surfaces at 172 points inside 18 alfalfa fields from late spring to early summer in 2017 and 2018. Different vegetation indices derived from a series of Sentinel-2 images were calculated and were then correlated with the FVC measurements at the pixel and parcel levels using different types of equations. The results indicate that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and FVC were highly correlated at the parcel level (R 2 = 0.712), where as the correlation at the pixel level remained moderate across each of the years studied. Based on the findings, another 29 alfalfa plots (28 rainfed; 1 irrigated) were remotely monitored operationally for 3 years (2017–2019), revealing that location and weather conditions were strong determinants of alfalfa growth in Bardenas Reales. The results of this study indicate that Sentinel-2 imagery is a suitable tool for monitoring rainfed alfalfa pastures in semiarid areas, thus increasing the potential success of pasture management.Publication Open Access Soil C/N ratios cause opposing effects in forests compared to grasslands on decomposition rates and stabilization factors in southern European ecosystems(Elsevier, 2023) Blanco Vaca, Juan Antonio; Durán Lázaro, María; Luquin, Josu; San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Yeste Yeste, Antonio; Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaSoils store an important amount of carbon (C), mostly in the form of organic matter in different decomposing stages. Hence, understanding the factors that rule the rates at which decomposed organic matter is incorporated into the soil is paramount to better understand how C stocks will vary under changing atmospheric and land use conditions. We studied the interactions between vegetation cover, climate and soil factors using the Tea Bag Index in 16 different ecosystems (eight forests, eight grasslands) along two contrasting gradients in the Spanish province of Navarre (SW Europe). Such arrangement encompassed a range of four climate types, elevations from 80 to 1420 m.a.s.l., and precipitation (P) from 427 to 1881 mm year–1. After incubating tea bags during the spring of 2017, we identified strong interactions between vegetation cover type, soil C/N and precipitation affecting decomposition rates and stabilization factors. In both forests and grasslands, increasing precipitation increased decomposition rates (k) but also the litter stabilization factor (S). In forests, however, increasing the soil C/N ratio raised decomposition rates and the litter stabilization factor, while in grasslands higher C/N ratios caused the opposite effects. In addition, soil pH and N also affected decomposition rates positively, but for these factors no differences between ecosystem types were found. Our results demonstrate that soil C flows are altered by complex site-dependent and site-independent environmental factors, and that increased ecosystem lignification will significantly change C flows, likely increasing decomposition rates in the short term but also increasing the inhibiting factors that stabilize labile litter compounds.Publication Open Access Soil moisture modulates biological nitrification inhibitors release in sorghum plants(Springer, 2023) Bozal-Leorri, Adrián; Arregui Odériz, Luis Miguel; Torralbo, Fernando; González Moro, María Begoña; González Murua, Carmen; Aparicio Tejo, Pedro María; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMABBackground and aims: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is able to exude allelochemicals with biological nitrifcation inhibition (BNI) capacity. Therefore, sorghum might be an option as cover crop since its BNI ability may reduce N pollution in the following crop due to a decreased nitrifcation. However, BNI exudation is related to the physiological state and development of the plant, so abiotic stresses such as drought might modify the rate of BNI exudation. Hence, the objective was to determine the efect of drought stress on sorghum plants’ BNI release. Methods: The residual efects of sorghum crops over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were monitored in a 3-year feld experiment. In a controlled-conditions experiment, sorghum plants were grown under Watered (60% WFPS) or Moderate drought (30% WFPS) conditions, and fertilized with ammonium sulphate (A), ammonium sulphate+DMPP (A+D), or potassium nitrate (KNO3 −). Soil mineral N was determined, and AOB populations were quantifed. Additionally, plant biomass, isotopic discrimination of N and C, and photosynthetic parameters were measured in sorghum plants. Results: In the driest year, sorghum was able to reduce the AOB relative abundance by 50% at feld conditions. In the plant-soil microcosm, drought stress reduced leaf photosynthetic parameters, which had an impact on plant biomass. Under these conditions, sorghum plants exposed to Moderate drought reduced the AOB abundance of A treatment by 25% compared to Watered treatment. Conclusion: The release of BNI by sorghum under limited water conditions might ensure high soil NH4 +-N pool for crop uptake due to a reduction of nitrifying microorganisms.