INARBE - Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics

Permanent URI for this community

http://hdl.handle.net/2454/25862

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 108

Open Access
Agua dulce para refrigeración: las necesidades hídricas de las centrales nucleares en España
(2019) Sesma Martín, Diego; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Objetivo: hacer una primera estimación de las necesidades hídricas de las centrales nucleares españolas desde 1969 hasta 2014. El objetivo es, por tanto, calcular el uso consuntivo del agua (la cantidad de agua evaporada, transpirada o incorporada a la producción de energía) por las centrales nucleares españolas, así como la cantidad total de agua extraída y necesaria para el funcionamiento de las centrales nucleares.
Open Access
Agua dulce para refrigeración: una visión a largo plazo de la huella hídrica de las centrales nucleares en España
(2016) Sesma Martín, Diego; Rubio Varas, María del Mar; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Objectives: our research pioneers a first approximation to the water footprint of the Spanish nuclear power plants operating with freshwater from 1969 to the present. Our aim is to calculate the consumptive use of water (i.e. the amount of water evaporated, transpired, or incorporated in energy production) for Spanish nuclear power plants, and the amounts of water withdrawals required for running nuclear power plants. To sum up, what is the water impact of our nuclear power plants? Will water limit our energy future? Should water be considered when planning the electricity mix in the future? These are some of the questions to solve.
Open Access
Agua para producción termoeléctrica en la Cuenca del Ebro, 1969-2015
(2019) Sesma Martín, Diego; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Este estudio evalúa las necesidades de agua para la generación de energía termoeléctrica en la Cuenca del Ebro. Mediante el cálculo de las demandas y consumos de agua para generación termoeléctrica en la región, este estudio profundiza en el conocimiento sobre el nexo agua-energía y cubre buena parte del vacío existente en la literatura sobre este tema en España.
Open Access
Are football managers as efficient as coaches? Performance analysis with ex ante and ex post inputs in the Premier league
(Routledge, 2019) Zambom Ferraresi, Fabíola; Iraizoz Apezteguia, Belén; Lera López, Fernando; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
There is a controversy on sport performance literature about what type of inputs might explain more deeply the performance of sports clubs (inputs specification controversy). By one side, several papers have analysed sports teams' performance using the match-related statistics or wages as inputs, well-known as ex post inputs. By other side, some authors have criticized the use of these ex post inputs, and recommend the use of ex ante inputs, as the market value of the players. We have analysed the performance of football teams estimating technical efficiency with three different inputs specification. The methodologies employed were data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a bootstrapped DEA. Our sample is composed by English Premier League football clubs, during three seasons (2012/13-2014/15). The DEA results indicate that the correlation between the three models is positive and significant. The DEA-bootstrapped results help to restate the robustness of the estimations and endorsed the inputs choices. The correlations of the estimations with market value and match-related statistics are the most striking (90% and 94%, DEA and bootstrapped DEA), which indicate that the existent discussion related to the use of match-related statistics as input is unjustified, because it does not affect significantly the efficiency estimations.
Open Access
Attitudes toward choice with incomplete preferences: an experimental study
(Elsevier, 2022) Arlegi Pérez, Ricardo; Bourgeois-Gironde, Sacha; Hualde Vidaurre, Mikel; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA19-2022
We present an experiment to test different individual attitudes toward choice, such as preference for flexibility, choice aversion, betweenness and choice neutrality. Unlike other related experimental papers, we want to analyze whether different choice attitudes can coexist for the same subject, depending on the characteristics of the choice set she is facing. In particular, our main hypothesis is that the presence of incomparability among the alternatives in the choice set, and the time at which such incomparability is solved, affect crucially the kind of attitude towards choice that the subject will exhibit. We find that, indeed, choice attitudes are not homogeneous across choice sets, yet they are conditional on the preferences over the alternatives. We also find some evidence supporting that subjects tend to value heuristically sets as a whole.
Open Access
Austerity and asymmetries in the fiscal policies of the Eurozone: the case of Southern Europe
(Springer, 2025-04-23) Bajo Rubio, Óscar; Gómez Gómez-Plana, Antonio; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this paper, we analyse the effects of several austerity policies implemented by the Southern European countries, i.e., Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain on the economies of the European Union and the rest of the world. In particular, we simulate the reduction in one point in the government deficit-to-GDP ratio in each of these countries, through several alternative policies, both from the spending side and the revenue side. The empirical methodology is based on a computable general equilibrium model, which incorporates the backward sectoral linkages and inter-country flows generated by fiscal consolidations. Our results show that these austerity policies were generally more painful, in terms of a fall in the levels of activity and a worsening in income distribution for labour, in the scenarios of tax increases rather than in those based on spending cuts. The effects on the rest of the European Union and the rest of the world were however mostly negligible.
Embargo
Between a rock and a hard place: the privatization or preservation of the commons in Spain in the long 19th century
(De Gruyter, 2024-11-07) Lana Berasain, José Miguel; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This text reviews the transformations of the commons in Spain in the long 19th century based on the notion of 'bundles of rights'. The contention is that the process of change was prompted by the clashes between alternative models, beginning with privatization or preservation and culminating in a complex landscape of property rights. In terms of privatization, several alternatives were advocated and eventually implemented, depending on the social groups that promoted them and their balance of power. In stylized form, two options that while not necessarily incompatible stand in opposition: on the one hand, privatization in the form of large property units with the land concentrated in the hands of an elite of creditors and investors, and on the other, small plots involving broader social participation and greater access. In turn, the preservation of communal lands did not rule out the privatization of their use, in some cases in favor of large industrial companies in the timber, resin, and cork sectors, and on other occasions in the service of social inclusion policies through the distribution of plots for their cultivation by the rural proletariat.
Open Access
Breaking free? The evolution of intra-Asian trade at the dawn of globalization (1795-1839)
(Wiley, 2024) Ayuso Díaz, Alejandro; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía; Ekonomia; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
This article contributes to the scholarly discourse on the repercussions of trade liberalization in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries that contributed to early globalization, offering a perspective that extends beyond the traditional focus on Atlantic economies. Our study centres on East and Southeast Asia, pivotal in Pacific and Indian Ocean trade. We overcome data scarcity by presenting a new, partner-disaggregated imports dataset spanning 10 ports across the region from 1795 to 1839. Employing a gravity model and incorporating interactions, we assess the degree of intra-Asian trade and its evolution following key events that liberalized East and Southeast Asian commerce in a period when measurable global integration started to become apparent. Supporting new Asian scholarship, our results highlight the remarkable intra-Asian trade before the high colonial era. We also show that, in general, colonial trade policies fostering inter-continental trade disproportionately augmented colonial imports in East and Southeast Asia, eclipsing gains in intra-Asian or Pacific trade, especially before 1830. We explore the impact of the influx of British textiles in the region as a mechanism to explain these trends. Our study illuminates complex trade dynamics in East and Southeast Asia during a transformative period of measurable global integration.
Open Access
Cambio climático, riesgo de inundación y medidas de adaptación: retos en la valoración de daños y evaluación de medidas
(Gobierno Vasco, 2020) Martínez Juárez, Pablo; Foudi, Sébastien; Galarraga, Ibon; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Cerdá, Emilio; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Las inundaciones suponen un importante riesgo para el bienestar de las personas por el gran impacto que causan. Por ello, distintas instituciones han emprendido planes para la mejora de sistemas de alerta y prevención, mejoras que requieren información lo más precisa posible sobre los riesgos a los que se enfrenta la población y el entorno, los cuales se definen como la combinación de la probabilidad de darse un determinado suceso y el daño que potencialmente causaría. Este estudio tiene como fin avanzar en el establecimiento de metodologías que faciliten el análisis del riesgo, para lo cual se examinan varios de los estudios realizados en este contexto con el objetivo de extraer pautas metodológicas que puedan ser utilizadas en proyectos fluviales y áreas costeras.
Open Access
Cambio económico y desigualdad en España, 1914-1936
(Universidad de La Rioja, 2023) Torre Campo, Joseba de la; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
A comienzos de 2023 pocos científicos sociales dudan de que uno de los impactos más dañinos de los causados por la Gran Depresión y el Gran Confinamiento ha sido el aumento de la desigualdad en los países desarrollados. El empobrecimiento de las clases medias y trabajadoras y el cuestionamiento a fondo de las bases del Estado del bienestar han entrado de lleno en la agenda de los investigadores.
Open Access
Changing behavioral patterns related to maternity and childbirth in rural and poor populations: a critical review
(Oxford University Press, 2019-05-17) García Prado, Ariadna; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
While life expectancy has increased worldwide during the last decades, dramatic health inequalities persist across and within countries and between different population groups. Maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries is almost fifty times that of high-income countries, while neonatal mortality is nine times higher, and both are consistently higher in rural, poor and indigenous populations. Despite important efforts to expand the supply of health services to disadvantaged populations, these inequalities have not fallen as expected. As a result, more emphasis is now being placed on demand strategies in an effort to change behavioral patterns related to maternity and childbirth. This review surveys the experimental and quasi-experimental literature in the area of maternal and neonatal health in rural and poor areas of developing countries in order to identify strategies that are capable of modifying demand behavior and thereby impacting key indicators. We analyze three kinds of strategies: covering direct costs, promotion of social and cultural changes and introduction of incentives. We find outstanding results from the combination of individual counselling and women groups in the community as well as from the introduction of small incentives as opposed to more expensive Cash Conditional Transfers (CCTs). We conclude with lessons for impact evaluation and policy-making.
Open Access
Comparing competitive balance for men's and women's leagues in European handball
(Routledge, 2024-08-09) Ayúcar Sánchez, Amaia; Lera López, Fernando; Iraizoz Apezteguia, Belén; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Research question: this paper contributes to research concerned with gender comparison in sport, considering handball, traditionally overlooked in studies of competitive balance. Research methods: we estimate measures of concentration and dominance to analyse the competitive balance in eight European handball leagues (both female and male) in four European countries (Denmark, France, Germany and Spain) during 15 seasons. Results and Findings: the results show statistically significant differences between the female and the male handball leagues. With the exception of France, the level of concentration is higher in the female than in the male leagues. In terms of dominance, there is less difference between the genders. In terms of evolution, the indicators reflect a deterioration of the competitive balance mainly in the female leagues. Implications: the analyses suggest that different measures should be put in place to increase the competitive balance in female leagues, through the transfer of resources from the male to the female leagues. To reduce the high level of dominance, a redistribution of resources among the teams should be considered to reduce the 'drag effect'. Research contribution: this is the first time that the most important European handball leagues have been examined to test the gender gap in competitive balance, with statistically significant differences being found.
Open Access
Computer use and pay for performance
(Wiley, 2021) Bayo Moriones, José Alberto; Erro Garcés, Amaya; Lera López, Fernando; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas; Economía
Workplace digitalisation is a pervasive phenomenon associated to an increase in wage differentials between occupations. This paper analyses the relationship between computer use and pay for performance, whose incidence has also followed a positive growth pattern. More concretely, we examined three pay-for-performance schemes: productivity/piece rate, team and firm pay for performance. We also investigated the mediating role of job design in this relationship. The complementarity framework perspective and the economic theory of incentives were the theoretical approaches applied in the development of hypotheses. Data from four waves of the European Working Conditions Survey were used in the empirical analyses. A positive association was found between computer use and the three pay for performance schemes considered, particularly team and firm pay for performance. The results also indicated that this relationship was partially explained by changes in job design due to computerisation, such as higher job complexity, on-the-job training and teamwork.
Open Access
Constrained school choice: an experimental QRE analysis
(Springer, 2023) Alcalde Unzu, Jorge; Klijn, Flip; Vorsatz, Marc; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The theoretical literature on public school choice proposes centralized mechanisms that assign children to schools on the basis of parents’ preferences and the priorities children have for different schools. The related experimental literature analyzes in detail how various mechanisms fare in terms of welfare and stability of the resulting matchings, yet often provides only aggregate statistics of the individual behavior that leads to these outcomes (i.e., the degree to which subjects tell the truth in the induced simultaneous move game). In this paper, we show that the quantal response equilibrium (QRE) adequately describes individual behavior and the resulting matching in three constrained problems for which the immediate acceptance mechanism and the student-optimal stable mechanism coincide. Specifically, the comparative statics of the logit-QRE with risk-neutral and expected-payoff-maximizing agents capture the directional changes of subject behavior and the prevalence of the different stable matchings when cardinal payoffs (i.e., relative preference intensities) are modified in the experiment.
Open Access
Cooling water: a source of conflict in Spain, 1970-1980
(MDPI, 2020) Sesma Martín, Diego; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 1295/2019
Water resources are limited and uneven in space and time. Competition for the use of the resource can lead to conflicts between water users. Besides its use for irrigation and agriculture, water is an essential input in the thermoelectric power generation process. Massive Spanish nuclear program projects have conditioned water management in the country, as significant freshwater volumes need to be constantly available for the proper operation of these facilities. Water for cooling has conflicted with other water-using activities, resulting in regional imbalances. The present study shows that cooling water represented a source of conflict between irrigators and electricity companies in Spain in the 1970s and 1980s. A historical analysis of documentary sources reveals that the drawing off of fresh water for cooling by the nuclear industry was one of the many causes of frequent disputes and the rise of social movements against the installation of nuclear power plants in Spain during that period.
Open Access
The critical role of the health-care sector in promoting employment for women and migrants in the EU. A multicountry input-output analysis
(Elsevier, 2025-02-26) Barba Areso, Izaskun; Iraizoz Apezteguia, Belén; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
A disproportionate concentration of women in low-pay and low-status sectors is a trend that has grown in significance with the globalization of production systems. For the health and social care sector, this has interesting socio-spatial implications, particularly in terms of immigration, the dimensions of which are worth investigating. This study employs the novel extended multiregional input-output FIGARO database to estimate the employment-generating capacity of the sector in the EU28, with a focus on the gender and geographic origin of its workers. The analysis takes into account both indirect and induced effects and considers both cross-country and cross-sectoral linkages. The findings identify the healthcare sector as a key source of employment for both national and immigrant women in more than half of EU countries. At the same time, this sector contributes to the earnings disadvantage experienced by women, which suggest that equality policies should consider the sectoral distribution of employment.
Open Access
The desegregating effect of school tracking
(Elsevier, 2014-01-23) De Fraja, Gianni; Martínez Mora, Francisco de Asís; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This paper makes the following point: 'detracking' schools, that is preventing them from allocating students to classes according to their ability, may lead to an increase in income residential segregation. It does so in a simple model where households care about the school peer group of their children. If ability and income are positively correlated, tracking implies that some high income households face the choice of either living in the areas where most of the other high income households live and having their child assigned to the low track, or instead living in lower income neighbourhoods where their child would be in the high track. Under mild conditions, tracking leads to an equilibrium with partial income desegregation where perfect income segregation would be the only stable outcome without tracking.
Open Access
The determinants and electoral consequences of asymmetric preferences
(Elsevier, 2013-12-05) Martínez Mora, Francisco de Asís; Puy Segura, M. Socorro; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This paper studies two widely used models of political competition - citizen-candidate and probabilistic voting - to investigate the impact that asymmetries in single-peaked preferences have on two-party electoral competition. In a two-candidate equilibrium of the citizen-candidate model, asymmetries determine which candidate proposes a more moderate platform. In the probabilistic voting model, they induce both parties to move their platforms in the direction of the asymmetry, and affect the probabilities of victory of the contenders, sometimes in unexpected ways: under a restriction on party preferences, more overprovision avoidance increases the probability of victory of the party proposing a larger public sector and vice versa. The final part of the analysis shows that consumers' risk aversion, prudence and a decreasingly effective government induce overprovision avoidance asymmetries, whereas consumers' risk neutrality, a constant-effective government and a property we call decreasing satiation induce shortfall avoidance asymmetries.
Open Access
Did democracy bring redistribution? Insights from the Spanish tax system, 1960-90
(Oxford University Press, 2015) Torregrosa Hetland, Sara; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The relationship between democracy, inequality, and redistribution has inspired extensive research, but consensus is still elusive. In order to contribute to this discussion, the author analyzes the Spanish case, where transition to democracy was accompanied by a comprehensive tax reform, aiming at increasing progressivity and revenue. But how effectively did it change the distribution of the tax burden? Was there a “fiscal revolution”? The results show that persistent regressivity (albeit decreasing) exacerbated income inequality, failing to attain convergence with more developed countries. The joint effect of the fiscal system, however, was slightly positive due to progressive social spending.
Open Access
Digitalization, multinationals and employment: an empirical analysis of their causal relationships
(De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2019) Gómez Gómez-Plana, Antonio; Latorre, María C.; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
This study measures the effects of digitalization related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) investment on employment and other economic variables according to firms' ownership. We present two computable general equilibrium models (with full employment and with unemployment) which differentiate two types of firms: National and foreign multinationals (MNEs). Both types of firms allow for the substitution between labour and ICT capital. We conclude that ICT investments significantly create jobs and raise real wages, GDP and welfare. The aggregate positive effects are stronger for ICT investment in national firms than in foreign MNEs although the sign of some sectoral effects can be negative. We also analyze the role of wage flexibility in this context, with the most favorable results related to scenarios where wages are more rigid for both cases, when investors are national firms or foreign MNEs. The model is applied to the case of Spain, a country with a high unemployment rate where ICT investment has been large since the mid 1990s.