Open Access
Anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects induced by phenolic compounds from onion waste extracts in ATDC-5 chondrogenic cell line
(MDPI, 2022) Paesa, Mónica; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Velderrain-Rodríguez, Gustavo; Martín-Belloso, Olga; Gualillo, Oreste; Osada, Jesús; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Mendoza, Gracia; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
Osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative condition that is closely related to the destruction and inflammation of cartilage. The high prevalence of this pathology exhorts researchers to search for novel therapeutic approaches. Vegetable–fruit wastes have emerged as a promising origin of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that, in some cases, may also exert chondroprotective effects. This study aims to decipher the potential of onion waste products in the inhibition of molecular events involved in osteoarthritis. Onion extracts showed a high content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Cytocompatibility was demonstrated in the chondrogenic cell line ATDC-5, exerting viability percentages higher than 90% and a slight increase in the S phase cycle cell. The induction of inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide and onion extracts’ treatment substantially inhibited molecular markers related to inflammation and cartilage degradation, highlighting the promising application of onion extracts in biomedical approaches. The in silico analyses suggested that the results could be attributed to protocatechuic, ellagic, and vanillic acids’ greater cell membrane permeability. Our work provides distinctive information about the possible application of waste onion extracts as functional components with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective characteristics in osteoarthritis.
Open Access
A combination of Rosa canina extracts and gold complex favors apoptosis of Caco-2 cells by increasing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction
(MDPI, 2020) Mármol, Inés; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Osada, Jesús; Cerrada, Elena; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ciencias
Given the alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, novel therapies are urgently needed. Plant-derived extracts have gained considerable interest in the last years due to their strong anticancer effect mediated by their unique bioactive compounds. Specifically, rosehips from Rosa canina have been successfully tested against several cancer models, including colon cancer. Moreover, gold derivatives are a promising alternative to the current platinum-based drugs commonly used in CRC chemotherapy due to their lack of affinity for DNA. Herein we have investigated the antitumor potential of a drug combination made of acidic polyphenols extracted from R. canina and the gold complex (Au(C≡C-2-NC5H4) (PTA)) in Caco-2 cell line as a model of CRC. The combination triggered strong apoptosis mediated by a blockage of the autophagic flux, which might be a consequence of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and mitochondrial dysfunctionality. Our results suggest that the clinical application of plant polyphenols might enhance the anticancer effect of metallodrugs and reduce drug exposure time and therefore its side effects.
Open Access
Phenolic composition of artichoke waste and its antioxidant capacity on differentiated Caco-2 cells
(MDPI, 2019) Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Cimminelli, María José; Volpe Sainz, Francesca; Ansó Blanco, Raúl; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Mármol, Inés; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ciencias
Artichoke waste represents a huge amount of discarded material. This study presents the by‐products (bracts, exterior leaves, and stalks) of the 'Blanca de Tudela' artichoke variety as a potential source of phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant properties. Artichoke residues were subjected to different extraction processes, and the antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of the extracts were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, respectively. The most abundant polyphenols in artichoke waste were chlorogenic acid, luteolin‐7‐O‐rutinoside, and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside. Minor quantities of cynarin, luteolin, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside, and naringenin‐7‐O-glucoside were also found. The antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts determined by ABTS [2, 2’‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)], DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐pycrilhydracyl), and FRAP (Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power) was highly correlated with the total concentration of phenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, and luteolin‐7‐O‐rutinoside, the most abundant compounds in 60% methanol extracts, are the components most responsible for the antioxidant activity of the artichoke waste extracts. The extract with the best antioxidant capacity was selected to assay its antioxidant potential on a model intestinal barrier. This action of the hydroxycinnamic acids on intestinal cells (Caco-2) was confirmed. In summary, artichoke waste may be considered a very interesting ingredient for food functionalization and for therapeutic purposes.
Open Access
Valorization of onion waste by obtaining extracts rich in phenolic compounds and feasibility of its therapeutic use on colon cancer
(MDPI, 2022) Paesa, Mónica; Pires Nogueira, Danielle; Velderrain-Rodríguez, Gustavo; Esparza Catalán, Irene; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Mendoza, Gracia; Osada, Jesús; Martín-Belloso, Olga; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
In this study, the total phenolic content, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of onion waste extracts were characterized. Some phenolic compounds present in the extracts were also identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The onion extract possessed a high amount of phenolic compounds (177 ± 9 mg/g extract) and had an effective antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays. Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the onion extracts produced cell cycle arrest in the S phase with p53 activation, intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondrial membrane potential modification) and caspase 3 activation. Likewise, onion waste increased intracellular ROS with possible NF-kB activation causing a proteasome down regulation. In addition, the extracts protected the intestine against oxidative stress induced by H2O2. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to protocatechuic acid. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these types of extract as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer. In addition, its valorization would contribute to the circular economy.
Open Access
Rosa canina extracts have antiproliferative and antioxidant effects on caco-2 human colon cancer
(Public Library of Science, 2016) Jiménez Alonso, Sandra; Gascón, Sonia; Luquin Martínez, Asunción; Laguna, Mariano; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Química Aplicada; Kimika Aplikatua
The in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant effects of different fractions of Rosa canina hips on human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was studied. The compounds tested were total extract (fraction 1), vitamin C (fraction 2), neutral polyphenols (fraction 3) and acidic polyphenols (fraction 4). All the extracts showed high cytotoxicity after 72 h, both low and high concentrations. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that all the fractions produce disturbances in the cell cycle resulting in a concomitant cell death by an apoptotic pathway. Changes in the redox status of Caco-2 cells in response to Rosa canina hips were determined. Cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide in presence of plant fractions and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was significantly decreased. Therefore, our data demonstrate that rosehip extracts are a powerful antioxidant that produces an antiproliferative effect in Caco-2 cells. Therefore, these results predict a promising future for Rosa canina as a therapeutic agent. Thus, this natural plant could be an effective component of functional foods addressed towards colorectal carcinoma.
Open Access
Therapeutic applications of rose hips from different rosa species
(MDPI, 2017) Mármol, Inés; Sánchez de Diego, Cristina; Jiménez Moreno, Nerea; Ancín Azpilicueta, Carmen; Rodríguez Yoldi, María Jesús; Química Aplicada; Kimika Aplikatua
Rosa species, rose hips, are widespread wild plants that have been traditionally used as medicinal compounds for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. The therapeutic potential of these plants is based on its antioxidant effects caused by or associated with its phytochemical composition, which includes ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and healthy fatty acids among others. Over the last few years, medicinal interest in rose hips has increased as a consequence of recent research that has studied its potential application as a treatment for several diseases including skin disorders, hepatotoxicity, renal disturbances, diarrhoea, inflammatory disorders, arthritis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and cancer. In this review, the role of different species of Rosa in the prevention of treatment of various disorders related to oxidative stress, is examined, focusing on new therapeutic approaches from a molecular point of view.