Open Access
Do wealth levels affect the contribution to negative externalities?
(Elsevier, 2020) Benito Ostolaza, Juan Miguel; Ezcurra Orayen, Roberto; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
This paper experimentally explores the link between poverty and decisions that lead environmental degradation. In the experiment, individuals with different wealth levels play a game that describes environmental degradation as a contribution to an activity that generates a negative externality. The experimental data show that wealth levels not related to the environment (exogenous poverty) play no significant role in environmental decisions. However, the variation in wealth as a consequence of the contribution to environmental degradation (endogenous poverty) affects the behavior of individuals, that enter a spiral of poverty and environmental degradation. These results suggest the existence of a poverty-environment trap.
Open Access
Seguimiento de los ODS a nivel regional en la UE. Proyecto piloto REGIONS2030: informe final
(Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea, 2024) Lella, Ludovica; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El informe final del proyecto REGIONS2030 analiza los resultados de la participación de diez regiones europeas en el proyecto piloto «REGIONS2030: monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - filling the data gaps», publicado por el Centro Común de Investigación (JRC) de la Comisión Europea el 1 de septiembre de 2022 con apoyo del Parlamento Europeo, así como las propuestas para el desarrollo y mejora del marco de indicadores para el seguimiento regional de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030. El informe ilustra el enfoque metodológico y el análisis de datos para el desarrollo de un conjunto de indicadores de seguimiento regional de los ODS, útil en el marco europeo para todas las regiones europeas. Sobre la base del análisis de los indicadores propuestos por el JRC acerca de las metas de los ODS, las diez regiones (Egeo Norte, Macedonia Occidental, Navarra, Andalucía, Piamonte, Apulia, Pomerania, Centro, Nord-Vest y Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya y Uşak (TR33)) seleccionaron un conjunto de indicadores disponibles, funcionales y adicionales, en coherencia con las necesidades y prioridades regionales, también en relación con el sistema de seguimiento regional (y nacional). Gracias al valioso trabajo realizado por las regiones en colaboración con el JRC y a las sugerencias de las regiones, el informe final presenta el conjunto final de indicadores propuestos para supervisar la consecución de los ODS a nivel regional en Europa. La disponibilidad de un marco de seguimiento coherente e integral con un conjunto relacionado de indicadores como los ODS es fundamental para diseñar mejores políticas de base local para fomentar el desarrollo sostenible.
Open Access
Pioneering a sustainable development goals monitoring framework for european regions
(Elsevier, 2024) Lella, Ludovica; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Stamos, Iraklis; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by the United Nations General Assembly, encompassing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), established a universal framework for addressing global challenges. Within the European Union (EU), the commitment to these goals has prompted the integration of the SDGs into a strategic framework for sustainable and inclusive growth. Recognizing the need for localized and detailed monitoring to capture the nuanced progress and challenges across Europe’s diverse regions, this paper proposes a comprehensive set of regional indicators specifically designed for the European context. Through a systematic review of existing SDG monitoring frameworks at different territorial levels and an extensive methodological process, the paper identifies 116 indicators that address 75 SDG targets. This tailored set is derived from a combination of national, regional, and supranational sources. The paper discusses the critical balance between standardization for comparability and customization to accommodate unique regional characteristics. The proposed indicator set is evaluated for its capacity to reflect the holistic vision of the SDGs while allowing for effective regional benchmarking. The research emphasizes the need for robust regional data infrastructure, the importance of aligning policies with broader sustainability objectives, and the dynamic nature of indicators that can adapt to societal changes such as demographic shifts. Finally, the paper highlights the significance of a pragmatic and adaptive regional approach to SDG monitoring. The proposed indicator set is a strategic tool for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners, guiding Europe’s regions towards a sustainable future and contributing to the global effort to achieve the SDGs by 2030.
Open Access
Seguimiento de los ODS en la región de Navarra, España: informe externo
(Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea, 2024) Osés Eraso, Nuria; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El presente informe se basa en la lista de indicadores desarrollados en el marco del proyecto REGIONS2030 para el seguimiento en las regiones de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). El informe analiza la adecuación de esta lista de indicadores para la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, una región europea situada en el norte de España. Asimismo, examina la disponibilidad de datos para Navarra, analiza la evolución de los distintos indicadores en Navarra, evalúa las tendencias y propone algunos indicadores alternativos y complementarios. El informe concluye con los desafíos y recomendaciones para el desarrollo de la lista de indicadores.
Open Access
Cambio climático, riesgo de inundación y medidas de adaptación: retos en la valoración de daños y evaluación de medidas
(Gobierno Vasco, 2020) Martínez Juárez, Pablo; Foudi, Sébastien; Galarraga, Ibon; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Cerdá, Emilio; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Las inundaciones suponen un importante riesgo para el bienestar de las personas por el gran impacto que causan. Por ello, distintas instituciones han emprendido planes para la mejora de sistemas de alerta y prevención, mejoras que requieren información lo más precisa posible sobre los riesgos a los que se enfrenta la población y el entorno, los cuales se definen como la combinación de la probabilidad de darse un determinado suceso y el daño que potencialmente causaría. Este estudio tiene como fin avanzar en el establecimiento de metodologías que faciliten el análisis del riesgo, para lo cual se examinan varios de los estudios realizados en este contexto con el objetivo de extraer pautas metodológicas que puedan ser utilizadas en proyectos fluviales y áreas costeras.
Open Access
Monitoring the SDGs in Navarre region, Spain: external report
(Publications Office of the European Union, 2023) Osés Eraso, Nuria; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This report is based on the list of indicators developed within the framework of the REGIONS2030 pilot project for the regional monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report analyses the adequacy of this list of indicators for the Comunidad Foral de Navarra, a European region located in the north of Spain. Likewise, the report discusses the availability of data for Navarra, analyses the evolution of the different indicators in Navarre, assesses the trends and proposes some alternative and complementary indicators. The report ends with challenges and recommendations for the development of this list of indicators.
Open Access
Using visual stimuli to promote healthy snack choices among children
(Elsevier, 2021) Benito Ostolaza, Juan Miguel; Echavarri, Rebeca; García Prado, Ariadna; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Most interventions against obesity use information to persuade people to change their behavior, with moderate results. Because eating involves automatic routines, new approaches have emerged appealing to non-reflective cognitive processes. Through a randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the impact of visual stimuli (positive and negative) on children's snack-choices at school. Results showed that the negative stimulus had no effect, while the positive stimulus increased the probability among girls of choosing a healthy snack. We also found that children with excess weight had a larger baseline probability of choosing the healthy snack than those without. We conclude that happy emojis, used to nudge non-reflective processes, can steer children towards healthy choices.
Open Access
Monitoring the SDGs at regional level in EU. REGIONS2030 pilot project: final report
(Publications Office of the European Union, 2023) Lella, Ludovica; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The Final Report of the REGIONS2030 project analyses the results of the participation of 10 European Regions in the pilot project "REGIONS2030: monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - filling the data gaps" (published by the Joint Research Centre - JRC of the European Commission on September 1, 2022, with the support of the European Parliament) and their proposals to develop and improve the framework of indicators for the regional monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. The Report illustrates the methodological approach and the data analysis for developing a regional monitoring indicator set for the SDGs, useful in the European framework for all European regions. Based on the analysis of the indicators proposed by the JRC about the SDG Targets, the ten Regions (North Aegean, Western Macedonia, Navarra, Andalucia, Piemonte, Puglia, Pomorskie, Centro, Nord-Vest, and Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kutahya, Usak – T33) selected a set of available, functional, and additional indicators, in coherence with regional needs and priorities, also concerning the regional (and national) monitoring system. Thanks to the valuable work carried out by the regions in collaboration with the JRC and the regions' suggestions, the Final Report presents the final set of indicators proposed to monitor the achievement of the SDGs at the regional level in Europe. The availability of a coherent and comprehensive monitoring framework with a related set of indicators like the SDGs is critical to designing better place-based policies to foster sustainable development.
Open Access
Valoración de riesgos por inundaciones
(Ministerio de Hacienda: Servicio de Publicaciones, 2020) Osés Eraso, Nuria; Foudi, Sébastien; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Este trabajo analiza cómo las curvas de probabilidad daño y el daño anual esperado, como indicadores del riesgo de inundación, se ven afectados por el cambio climático, las medidas de prevención estructurales o no estructurales y los efectos inesperados como el efecto dique. Subraya las interacciones entre medidas privadas no estructurales y públicas estructurales en la adaptación al cambio climático. Un ejemplo, con la apertura del canal de Deusto en Bilbao, ilustra cómo una medida estructural modifica el riesgo de inundación y permite discutir el papel de las medidas no estructurales en la adaptación.
Open Access
Information, experience, and willingness to mitigate mental health consequences from flooding through collective defence
(American Geophysical Union, 2022) Foudi, Sébastien; Osés Eraso, Nuria; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Demand for reducing mental health impacts from flooding through collective flood defence is elicited using a contingent valuation method with a sequential hypothetical scenario, which accounts for human resilience and experience. A two-step model fits the survey data: it combines a binary sample selection rule to distinguish protesters and participants with a Tobit model to accommodate true zero responses among participants. Results show that non-symptoms-specific information on mental health risk may bias the willingness to pay downward. Risk-averse individuals who have taken self-insurance protection measures are willing to pay for additional protection through collective defence. Feelings, such as worries and anxiety related to flooding, drive the demand, which supports the risk-as-feelings hypothesis for mental health protection from flooding. Inexperience rather than experience of flooding is found to increase demand, which indicates that individual mental resilience to flooding may increase after an event as posited by the inoculation hypothesis.