Open Access
Instagram's marketing strategy of the main fast fashion brands: best practices to improve customer engagement
(IGI Global, 2023) Martinicorena-Goñi, Naiara; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
About 1,000 million users are active on Instagram monthly, and the number of daily users is 500 million. Fifty percent of Instagrammers follow at least one business account, and 130 million Instagrammers tap on a shopping post to learn about products offered in the app every month. Moreover, more than 200 million Instagrammers visit at least one business profile every day. The objective of the study is to assess the Instagram strategy of four of the main fast fashion brands: Zara, H&M, Mango, and Forever 21. Results show videos achieve 3.88 times more engagement than pictures. The effect of the shopping bag tool, which has been recently introduced, is very promising: the pictures with the shopping bag tool achieved a 121.03% higher average. The authors also found spontaneity increases engagement, while Zara, H&M, and Mango posts experienced an increase in the average likes in the pictures that had faces in them.
Open Access
El nuevo instrumento "Next Generation EU": reseña
(Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo, 2023) Barrio Saralegui, Cristina; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El libro es capaz de analizar desde una perspectiva crítica la definición e implementación de los Fondos NGEU y su correspondiente plan español, el PRTR, con especial hincapié en la dimensión ambiental, la transición energética y el acceso de las PYMES.
Open Access
Harmony in diversity: unraveling the global impact of K-Pop through social media and fandom dynamics
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-04-04) Gutiérrez Jauregi, Alaitz; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gómez Cámara, Irene; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Economía; Ekonomia; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
South Korean pop culture, K-Pop, is a global cultural force driven by catchy melodies, exceptional vocal abilities, captivating dance movements, and active social media engagement. This study explores the global dissemination of K-Pop, focusing on the role of social media and fan communities in examining cultural impact, fan dynamics, and transformative potential. Key research inquiries address fan engagement¿s contribution to global dissemination, challenges to cultural norms, the influence of fan characteristics on social media behavior, and transformative impacts on societal issues. Organized into four parts, the research delves into the evolution of K-Pop, conducts a literature review on K-Pop fandom, analyses characteristics of K-Pop fandom members per their perceptions, and surveys 315 enthusiasts on engagement dynamics, idol influence, and fandom¿s role in social and political initiatives. Findings reveal the intricate evolution of K-Pop, highlighting social media¿s role in forming emotional connections and shaping fan behavior. The study concludes that K-Pop operates as a dynamic cultural force challenging norm, with fan engagement playing a pivotal role in dissemination, societal impact, shaping narratives, and addressing social issues. Originality is found in the holistic approach, theoretical frameworks, and a comprehensive survey, offering a distinctive understanding of the K-Pop phenomenon and its fan community.
Open Access
Perception of technology use, online safety, and advertising among minors
(IGI Global, 2025) Gutiérrez Jauregi, Alaitz; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Alarcón López, Rocío; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The spread of communication technology has transformed socialization, with Spain consistently exceeding the European average in internet access¿Navarra notably leads in connectivity. However, excessive internet use, particularly among youth, poses challenges. Responsibility for minors' tech use extends beyond parents to society and institutions. This study uses quantitative research on a representative sample of minors, analysing both perceived and actual usage, and the role of social agents in shaping internet habits and safety perceptions. Results highlight the importance of social context in digital habits, revealing links between safety perceptions, parental control, and technology norms. The study also explores perceptions of online advertising, emphasizing the need to raise privacy awareness and regulate ads targeting minors, offering insights into youth digital consumption challenges.
Open Access
Green products in the fashion industry: consumer segmentation to develop communication campaigns
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-12-16) Martínez Huete, Laura; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The rise of green awareness due to the environmental challenges the world faces has enhanced consumers' consciousness of, and attitudes toward green products. This study explores consumers' perceptions of green fashion products by analyzing consumer profiles. A cluster analysis differentiated four consumer segments with divergent demographic and behavioral features. Antigreeners, green followers, green professionals and supergreeners differ in green fashion awareness and their level of understanding of the benefits, challenges, enablers and attitudes of using green products. Overall, extensive ignorance of green fashion products was found, particularly among antigreeners and green followers, which should incentivize fashion companies to increase green fashion awareness and position their green fashion brands in this niche market. The present study helps bridge the research gap about consumers' buying behavior regarding green fashion products. Considering the fashion industry's global standing as one of the most polluting yet profitable sectors, this analysis offers valuable insights into the Circular Economy Action Plan of the European Green Deal.
Open Access
The power of persuasion: exploring the relationship between advertising and nuclear energy in Spain
(Emerald, 2024-12-09) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Rubio Varas, María del Mar; Torre Campo, Joseba de la; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA2023–11931
Purpose: this study aims to examine how the nuclear energy issue was used for advertising purposes at the dawn of the atomic era in Spain. Design/methodology/approach: newspapers and magazines from the atomic era were reviewed to assess the impact of nuclear energy on advertising campaigns for all kinds of unrelated products. This study interprets the message and information contained in several marketing campaigns from the detonation of the first nuclear bomb in 1945 until the inauguration of the first nuclear facility in Spain in 1968. Findings: private companies leapt at the chance to use the new technology, with its promises of a brighter future, to promote their products, including watches, Venetian blinds, anisette, chocolates, pencils and fountain pens, spa resorts, books and encyclopaedias, laundry detergents, pressure cookers, concentrate feeds and hair restorers. This study makes a major contribution to the history of marketing literature, focusing on nuclear energy as an influential agent in industry, advertising agencies and popular culture. It shows how advertising campaigns used terms such as 'nuclear', 'atomic' and 'atomic bomb' and images of mushroom clouds or atom symbols to denote modernity and allure and explores how government policies - in this case, concerning nuclear energy - can influence marketers and advertisers. Originality/value: the paper's originality stems from its analysis of Spanish advertisements to explore marketing history through the terms and imagery associated with nuclear energy and its industry. It further contributes to the understanding of how nuclear energy is represented and conceptualised for various purposes in popular culture.
Open Access
Nuclear energy promotion using collectable cards aimed at children
(Emerald, 2020) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Purpose: This paper aims to examine how an innovative concept was introduced to a new market segment through varied marketing techniques. Design/methodology/approach: Newspapers from 1958 were reviewed to assess the impact of a chocolate company advertising campaign targeting children. The paper examines the interpretation of the campaign message and the information contained in an album of collectable cards. Findings: Parents leave the teaching role in the hands of companies when they do not clearly understand new technologies such as nuclear energy. Companies can take advantage of what governments introduce into the market to increase their sales. Originality/value: The originality of the paper lies in the examination of collectable cards as a means of researching marketing history and contributes to the study of market segmentation, particularly in the case of children, focussing on nuclear energy.
Open Access
Guest editorial: introduction to special issue on "History of marketing in Spain", part I
(Emerald, 2024) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Ruiz Moreno, Felipe; Martínez-Ruiz, María Pilar; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Special issue of the Journal of Historical Research in Marketing (JHRM) on “History of Marketing in Spain” – part I. A thorough exploration into the intricate history of marketing in Spain in several fields is presented, especially in the context of tourism. The exploration goes beyond a chronological account, aiming to spotlight the lasting impact of Generation X – a generation that has witnessed and influenced the evolution of marketing practices in Spain. Besides, an analysis of the history of marketing in Spain would not be complete without contemplating the future. As we stand on the cusp of new economic, technological, and societal changes, understanding our past becomes a compass for navigating the complexities of the marketing landscape in the years to come.
Open Access
Social work, solidarity economy and decent work
(SAGE, 2023) López Peláez, Antonio; Erro Garcés, Amaya; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Ramírez Navarro, José Manuel; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Eradicating poverty is a fundamental objective of social work, both at local and at global levels. After COVID-19, the United Nations Commission for Social Development and Sustainable Development Goals, the global agenda developed by the International Association of Schools of Social Work, the International Council on Social Welfare and the International Federation of Social Workers have placed the fight against poverty and the role of decent work at the forefront of the public agenda. We analyse most recent publications on decent work, highlighting two strategies to promote poverty eradication from social work: participation and education.
Open Access
Impact of artificial intelligence on customer engagement and advertising engagement: a review and future research agenda
(Wiley, 2024) Suraña Sánchez, Clara; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
This study, through a bibliometric analysis, aims to provide increased knowledge of the evolution and effects of artificial intelligence over the last 30 years in customer engagement and advertising engagement. Articles were gathered from three databases by using combinations of keywords (artificial intelligence, customer engagement, advertising engagement, marketing, machine learning, etc.). A set of inclusion/exclusion criteria were then applied to obtain the final sample. The final sample was made up of 190 peer-reviewed articles. Three separate analyses were performed to test the sample. A performance analysis identified the articles' years of publication, contributions per country and the performance/output of the relevant journals. A data analysis created 10 clusters; these are examined in depth, and provide explanations of the evolution of the relevant scientific production. The study's findings offer a wide perspective of research undertaken to date, and identify possible research gaps. This research contributes to the marketing field by bridging a gap, through undertaking a bibliometric analysis, in the research about the impact of artificial intelligence on customer and advertising engagement over the years 1991 through 2022. It offers scholars and researchers ideas for future research.