Open Access
Factors associated with nurses' positive attitudes towards families' involvement in nursing care: a scoping review
(Wiley, 2022) Barreto, Mayckel; Francisqueti Marquete, Veronica; Wohlenberg Camparoto, Camila; García Vivar, Cristina; Barbieri-Figueiredo, María; Marcon, Sonia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Aim: to map the factors associated with nurses’ positive attitudes towards families’ involvement in nursing care and to identify any existing gaps in knowledge. Background: several tools have been proposed to assess the attitudes, beliefs and practices of nurses towards families in different care contexts. However, there is a knowledge gap on how the results of these tools can identify the factors that are associated with more positive attitudes of nurses. Design: a scoping review based on the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Methods: three independent reviewers searched the databases: PUBMED/Medline; LILACS; Virtual Health Library; PsycInfo; Google Scholar; SCOPUS and CINAHL, from 2006 to August 2021, guided by the question: what are the factors associated with nurses’ positive attitudes towards families´ involvement in nursing care, in studies that used one or both of the following two scales ‘Families’ Importance in Nursing Care- Nurses’ Attitudes’ and ‘Family Nursing Practice Scale’? This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. Results: twenty-six primary studies were identified, in which 9,620 nurses participated. Positive attitudes were associated with three types of variables: (a) personal— longer working career (42.3%) and older age (26.9%); (b) educational—higher level of academic education (30.8%) and family nursing education (23.0%); and (c) workplace— working in primary health care and/or outpatient clinics (34.6%) or in a unit with philosophy/approach to families (23.0%). Conclusions: personal variables such as age and time of service are non-modifiable aspects, but educational and workplace variables are subject to intervention to improve nurses’ attitudes towards families’ involvement in nursing care. Continuing development programmes about family care can constitute important strategies to improve positive attitudes of nurses towards families in practice. Relevance to clinical practice: recognising the characteristics associated with nurses´ positive attitudes towards families may enable the development of tailored interventions that promote family-focused care.
Open Access
Determinants of quality of life decrease in family caregivers of care-dependent patients: a longitudinal study
(Springer, 2024-10-19) Tavares, Marcus Luciano de Oliveira; Pimenta, Adriano Marçal; García Vivar, Cristina; Beinner, Mark Anthony; Montenegro, Lívia Cozer; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Purpose Family caregivers of care-dependent patients experience a decline in their Quality of Life (QoL). However, the determinants contributing to this decrease in QoL are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate prospectively the determinants contributing to decreased QoL among family caregivers of care-dependent patients. Methods This longitudinal study involved 135 family caregivers in Brazil. Data were collected at baseline from October 2016 to August 2017, and at follow-up from December 2021 to July 2022. During both periods, we administered a questionnaire that covered sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants; the Barthel Index to assess the dependency level of the patients; and the WHOQOL-bref to assess the caregivers¿ QoL. Results Both caregivers and care-dependent patients were more frequently elderly (44.4% versus 74.6%), female (79.3% versus 61.5%), and had non-communicable disease (60.0% versus 94.3%) at baseline. Most patients experienced a worsening in their level of dependency (59.8%), while over a third of family caregivers (34.8%) reported a decline in their General Quality of Life Index. Eight determinants of decreased QoL were identified: four protective factors (religious faith, physical activity, sharing caregiving responsibilities, and sufficient sleep) and four risk factors (patient hospitalization in the past year, patient increased care dependency, older family caregiver age, and longer caregiving duration). Conclusion Many factors influencing caregiver QoL are modifiable through intervention, underscoring the need for public policies to support family caregivers. Healthcare professionals can play a vital role in promoting protective factors and addressing risk factors to enhance caregiver QoL.
Open Access
Nurses' attitudes towards family importance in nursing care across Europe
(Wiley, 2022) Shamali, Mahdi; Esandi Larramendi, Nuria; Østergaard, Birte; Barbieri-Figueiredo, María; Brødsgaard, Anne; Canga Armayor, Ana; Dieperink, Karin Brochstedt; García Vivar, Cristina; Konradsen, Hanne; Nordtug, Bente; Lambert, Veronica; Mahrer-Imhof, Romy; Metzing, Sabine; Nagl-Cupal, Martin; Imhof, Lorenz; Svavarsdottir, Erla Kolbrun; Swallow, Veronica; Luttik, Marie Louise; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Aims and Objective To explore differences in nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care and factors associated with nurses' attitudes across 11 European countries. Background Family involvement in healthcare has received attention in many European healthcare systems. Nurses have a unique opportunity to promote family involvement in healthcare; however, their attitudes and beliefs may facilitate or impede this practice. Design A cross-sectional survey across European countries. Method A broad convenience sample of 8112 nurses across 11 European countries was recruited from October 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected using the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses' Attitudes (FINC-NA) questionnaire. We used the STROBE checklist to report the results. Results There were significant differences in nurses' attitudes about families' importance in nursing care across Europe. Country was the factor with the strongest association with the total scores of the FINC-NA. Older age, higher level of education, increased years since graduation, having a strategy for the care of families in the workplace, and having experience of illness within one's own family were associated with a higher total FINC-NA score. Being male and working in a hospital or other clinical settings were associated with a lower total FINC-NA score. Conclusion Nurses' attitudes regarding the importance of family in nursing care vary across 11 European countries. This study highlights multiple factors associated with nurses' attitudes. Further research is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for nurses' different attitudes and to develop a strong theoretical framework across Europe to support family involvement in patient care. The inclusion of family healthcare programs in the baccalaureate curriculum may improve nurses' attitudes.
Open Access
'Opportunistic care': a focus group study of nurses' perspective on caring for long-term cancer survivors and their families
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Elizondo Rodríguez, Nerea; La Rosa-Salas, Virginia; Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; Domingo-Oslé, Marta; Nascimento, Lucila; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: The global population of long-term cancer survivors is increasing, thanks to advances in treatments and care. Healthcare systems are working to address the unique needs of these individuals. However, there remains a knowledge gap concerning nurses' view on cancer survivorship care. Objective: To identify nurses' perspective of care for long-term cancer survivors and their families. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used 5 focus groups comprising 33 nurses from primary healthcare and specialized oncology care. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis, and the study received ethical approval. Results: Long-term cancer survivors and their families often remained unrecognized as a distinct group within the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses provide what can be termed as opportunistic care during nurse-survivor encounters, addressing health needs beyond the purpose of the initial healthcare visit. This absence of a systematic or structured approach for this patient group has prompted nurses to seek the establishment of a comprehensive framework through survivorship care plans, thus ensuring a continuum of care for this specific population. Conclusion: The lack of a structured approach to caring for long-term cancer survivors and their families, often invisible as a distinct population group, results in nurses providing care on an opportunistic basis. Implications for practice: It is crucial to develop and implement survivorship care plans tailored to this population's needs. Simultaneously, it is important to advance research in this area and establish an educational framework for nurses, enabling them to effectively address the care of long-term cancer survivors and their families.
Open Access
The experience of coronaphobia among health professionals and their family members during COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
(Elsevier, 2022) Barreto, Mayckel; Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; García Vivar, Cristina; Nascimento, Lucila; Marcon, Sonia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Coronaphobia is an excessive fear of becoming infected by the COVID-19 virus. Situations of coronaphobia against health professionals have been identified. Therefore, there is a need to develop studies to understand family impact and experience of COVID-19 pandemic and coronaphobia. Aim: To describe the coronaphobia experience of health professionals and of one of their family members during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study using narrative inquiry was used. This study was guided by the concept of coronaphobia and Family Systems Nursing as conceptual frameworks. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted from September to November 2020 with 14 health professionals, including nurses and physicians and one of their family members (n = 14). Findings: Three descriptive themes were identified which highlight professional-family dyads' experience of coronaphobia as a reciprocal and relational process. Coronaphobia was demonstrated by unknown or close people, in a disguised or explicit way, and generated suffering in the dyads and in the family unit. Consequently, individual and/or family strategies were developed to allow for the protection of the family system and the maintenance of its functioning. Discussion: This study describes how the dyads of health professionals and their family members identify the experiences of coronaphobia. In addition, it was possible to analyze the repercussions of coronaphobia on the dyad and the strategies they used to deal with it. Conclusions: This study extends understanding about the relationships between the experience of coronaphobia among health professionals and one of their family members and the experience of physical, cognitive and emotional suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022
Open Access
Posttreatment health interventions for adult cancer survivors and their families: an integrated review
(Springer, 2024-10-08) Coyne, Elisabeth; Dieperink, Karin Brochstedt; Voltelen, Barbara; Barreto, Mayckel; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Purpose This review aimed to synthesize the literature regarding health interventions delivered to adult cancer survivors and their families during posttreatment phase. Methods An integrative literature review was conducted that included quantitative and qualitative studies. The search was carried out in four databases using the same terms or MeSH terms and included data from January 2012 to February 2024. After quality assessment, data were extracted and synthesized. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Results Among the seven studies included, two studies were randomized controlled trials, three were observational, and two utilized a qualitative approach. The studies originated from France, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. In total, 704 participants were included, 294 were cancer survivors, 40 were non-cancer patients, 271 were family and caregivers, and 99 were healthcare professionals. The studies assessed survival durations after cancer treatment, ranging from 18 months to 6 years. The sparse interventions found across the studies used a multifaceted approach tailored to address various aspects of cancer survivorship and caregiver support. Conclusion This review provides insights into the complex landscape of posttreatment support requirements for cancer survivors and their family caregivers. This finding underscores the critical necessity for additional intervention research involving comprehensive, accessible, and supportive services that address the multifaceted dimensions of survivorship for the patient and family as a unit.
Open Access
Extended and long-term cancer survivorship of childhood survivors: a scoping review of nursing evidence with bibliometric analysis
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024-06-10) Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; Nascimento, Lucila; Neris, Rhyquelle Rhibna; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: With the increasing survival rates of childhood cancer, nurses' familiarity with published evidence has become crucial to care for this population and their families throughout the survival process. Objective: to systematically identify and conduct a bibliometric analysis of nursing-related evidence concerning extended and long-term survival of childhood survivors. Methods: a scoping review was conducted using bibliometric analysis with searches performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases. A total of 300 studies on childhood cancer survival within the nursing field were included. Results: the first study on this topic was published in 1975. American and Chinese researchers lead study publications, primarily publishing in nursing journals such as Cancer Nursing. Quantitative designs were prevalent, and the majority of the studies focused on physical late effects, overall quality of life, and survivor follow-up care. Conclusions: this study has allowed us to map and synthesize the bibliometric evidence pertaining to the extended and long-term survivorship of childhood cancer survivors in the nursing field. Consequently, it identifies gaps in knowledge, research trends, and areas necessitating further exploration. Implications for practice: the evidence presented in this review can facilitate academic and clinical discussions, offering a comprehensive synthesis of the published knowledge. More research needs to be developed on the topic, particularly in Central and Latin America, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, and in some regions of Asia. Furthermore, the scope of studies should extend beyond late effects and quality of life, encompassing the experience of surviving childhood cancer, including psychosocial and spiritual dimensions.
Open Access
Intervención educativa para cuidar a los largos-supervivientes de cáncer y sus familias: protocolo del estudio
(Sociedad Española de Enfermería Oncológica, 2023) Domingo-Oslé, Marta; La Rosa-Salas, Virginia; Elizondo Rodríguez, Nerea; Canales Bilbao, Almudena; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Introducción: La calidad de vida de los supervivientes de cáncer y de sus familiares se ve afectada por la falta de atención a sus necesidades. Por ello se necesitan intervenciones educativas que formen a los futuros profesionales de enfermería para cuidar a los largos supervivientes de cáncer y a sus familiares. Objetivo: Describir el protocolo para la fase piloto de una intervención compleja, diseñada para abordar la formación de estudiantes de enfermería en larga supervivencia de cáncer y en familia. Diseño: Estudio piloto controlado aleatorizado. Métodos: Los participantes serán estudiantes de 3º de grado de enfermería. El grupo intervención recibirá el programa Learning & Care durante un período de 3 meses. El grupo de control continuará con formación del grado de enfermería. El piloto ayudará a determinar la viabilidad, aceptabilidad y calidad del programa educativo. Los datos recopilados antes y después de la intervención proporcionarán estimaciones de los efectos preliminares de la intervención sobre la variable principal (conocimiento, habilidad, actitud) y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes al realizarlo. Discusión: Si los resultados del estudio piloto mostrarán que la intervención Learning & Care es un programa educativo interdisciplinar en el que el alumno es líder de su aprendizaje y se forma en el área de la supervivencia de cáncer, se podrá incorporar al curriculum de grado de enfermería. Las organizaciones sanitarias podrían beneficiarse de la incorporación de nuevas enfermeras con formación en cuidados en larga supervivencia de cáncer y en familia que cuiden de forma holística a esta población.
Open Access
Olas de esperanza familiar: narrativas de las familias en el contexto de la enfermedad crónica pediátrica
(Universidad de São Paulo, Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, 2021) Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; García Vivar, Cristina; Demontigny F.; Nascimento, Lucila; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objetivo: analizar las narrativas sobre la experiencia de esperanza de las familias en el contexto de la enfermedad crónica pediátrica. Método: investigación narrativa que utilizó la Enfermería de Sistemas Familiares como marco conceptual. En este estudio participaron tres familias de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con enfermedades crónicas complejas, con un total de 10 participantes. La recogida de datos se desarrolló mediante entrevistas familiares con foto-elicitación. Se construyeron y analizaron narrativas familiares siguiendo el análisis temático inductivo con triangulación teórica de los de datos. Resultados: el tema analítico - Olas de esperanza familiar en el contexto de la enfermedad crónica pediátrica - se compone de cuatro tipos diferentes de esperanza: esperanza incierta, esperanza cuidadora, esperanza latente y esperanza expectante. El movimiento a través de estas esperanzas genera una fuerza motriz y dependiente de varios factores: apoyo, información, búsqueda de la normalidad, pensamientos y comparaciones. Conclusión: los resultados destacan la interacción y reciprocidad de los miembros de la unidad familiar, la dinámica de la esperanza, e ilustran los diferentes tipos de esperanza y los factores que los influyen. Este estudio destaca la experiencia de la esperanza como un recurso familiar, en vez de un recurso individual, y apoya a los profesionales de la salud en la planificación del cuidado familiar considerando la esperanza como un recurso familiar esencial y dinámico.
Open Access
Encontrar un nuevo equilibrio: estudio cualitativo sobre los efectos del COVID-19 en la vida familiar
(Universidad de São Paulo. Escola de Enfermagem de Riberirão Preto, 2023) Barreto, Mayckel; Marques, Francielle Renata Danielli Martins; Martins Gallo, Adriana; García Vivar, Cristina; Carreira, Lígia; Salci, María; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objetivo: examinar las repercusiones de la pandemia en el sistema familiar enfocándose en la perspectiva de familiares que han contraído y padecido COVID-19. Método: estudio exploratorio de enfoque cualitativo realizado con 27 personas que tuvieron COVID-19. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de entrevistas telefónicas que se grabaron en audio y estuvieron guiadas por un instrumento semiestructurado. El análisis se basó en un proceso inductivo respaldado por Análisis Temático Reflexivo. Resultados: la pandemia y el hecho de que un familiar contrajera la enfermedad fueron fuerzas impulsoras que generaron movilizaciones nuevas e intensas en el sistema familiar. Inicialmente, notaron repercusiones negativas como preocupaciones, temor, angustia, estrés, distanciamiento y aislamiento social. Con el paso del tiempo y empleando tecnologías para facilitar la comunicación, comenzaron a percibir repercusiones positivas como más cercanía, fortalecimiento de vínculos, desarrollo de nuevos roles y cuidado mutuo. Las familias también identificaron que recuperaban una posición de equilibrio, con retorno de cierto reajuste en la dinámica y el funcionamiento familiar. Conclusión: los profesionales de la salud deben admitir que la enfermedad por COVID-19 ha generado repercusiones en los sistemas familiares, además de proponer intervenciones que ayuden a las familias a hacer frente a este momento y a recuperar más fácilmente una posición de equilibrio para su buen funcionamiento.