González de Mendívil Moreno, José Ramón
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González de Mendívil Moreno
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José Ramón
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Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access CAP theorem: revision of its related consistency models(Oxford University Press, 2019) Muñoz Escoí, Francesc D.; Juan Marín, Rubén de; García Escrivá, José Ramón; González de Mendívil Moreno, José Ramón; Bernabéu Aubán, José M.; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaThe CAP theorem states that only two of these properties can be simultaneously guaranteed in a distributed service: (i) consistency, (ii) availability, and (iii) network partition tolerance. This theorem was stated and proved assuming that “consistency” refers to atomic consistency. However, multiple consistency models exist and atomic consistency is located at the strongest edge of that spectrum. Many distributed services deployed in cloud platforms should be highly available and scalable. Network partitions may arise in those deployments and should be tolerated. One way of dealing with CAP constraints consists in relaxing consistency. Therefore, it is interesting to explore the set of consistency models not supported in an available and partition-tolerant service (CAP-constrained models). Other weaker consistency models could be maintained when scalable services are deployed in partitionable systems (CAP-free models). Three contributions arise: (1) multiple other CAPconstrained models are identified, (2) a borderline between CAP-constrained and CAP-free models is set, and (3) a hierarchy of consistency models depending on their strength and convergence is built.Publication Open Access Eventual consistency: origin and support(Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Informatics, 2018) Muñoz Escoí, Francesc D.; García Escrivá, José Ramón; Sendra Roig, Juan Salvador; Bernabéu Aubán, José M.; González de Mendívil Moreno, José Ramón; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika IngeniaritzaEventual consistency is demanded nowadays in geo-replicated services that need to be highly scalable and available. According to the CAP constraints, when network partitions may arise, a distributed service should choose between being strongly consistent or being highly available. Since scalable services should be available, a relaxed consistency (while the network is partitioned) is the preferred choice. Eventual consistency is not a common data-centric consistency model, but only a state convergence condition to be added to a relaxed consistency model. There are still several aspects of eventual consistency that have not been analysed in depth in previous works: 1. which are the oldest replication proposals providing eventual consistency, 2. which replica consistency models provide the best basis for building eventually consistent services, 3. which mechanisms should be considered for implementing an eventually consistent service, and 4. which are the best combinations of those mechanisms for achieving different concrete goals. This paper provides some notes on these important topics.