Orcaray Echeverría, Luis
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Orcaray Echeverría
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Luis
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Ciencias del Medio Natural
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Publication Open Access Soil water retention and soil compaction assessment in a regional-scale strategy to improve climate change adaptation of agriculture in Navarre, Spain(MDPI, 2021) Antón Sobejano, Rodrigo; Ruiz Sagaseta de Ilurdoz, Alberto; Orcaray Echeverría, Luis; Arricibita Bidegáin, Francisco Javier; Enrique Martín, Alberto; De Soto García, Isabel Sonsoles; Virto Quecedo, Íñigo; Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the different agricultural management adaptive strategies considered in the framework of a regional climate change adaptation roadmap in Navarre (Spain), from the point of view of soil physical indicators associated to soil compaction and water retention. These indicators were chosen as representative of the potential of these strategies to improve the soil physical condition. That for, the effectiveness of conservation agriculture (CA), crop rotations (ROT), additions of organic matter (ExO), irrigation (IRR) and innovative grassland management (GSS) was assessed by monitoring soil bulk density (BD) and soil available water holding capacity (AWHC) in a network of 159 agricultural fields across homogeneous agro-climatic zones in the region. A sampling protocol designed to compare groups of plots with or without adaptive practices, and with equal soil characteristics within each zone, allowed to determine the effect size of each strategy (measured as response ratios, RR, calculated as the relative value of BD and AWHC in fields with adaptive management vs. without). Both parameters responded to soil and crop management, although the observed effect was highly variable. Only the ExO strategy showed an overall positive effect on BD. ROT, IRR and GSS displayed no effect and, in the case of CA, the effect was negative. In terms of AWHC, although the results within the zones were heterogeneous, the overall effect associated to the strategies ROT, ExO, IRR and GSS was neutral, and only CA resulted in an overall negative effect. The observed variability in terms of the effectiveness of the five strategies tested in this region highlights the need to understand the complexity of interrelationships between management and dynamic soil properties at the regional scale.Publication Open Access Soil organic carbon monitoring to assess agricultural climate change adaptation practices in Navarre, Spain(Springer, 2021) Antón Sobejano, Rodrigo; Arricibita Bidegáin, Francisco Javier; Ruiz Sagaseta de Ilurdoz, Alberto; Enrique Martín, Alberto; De Soto García, Isabel Sonsoles; Orcaray Echeverría, Luis; Zaragüeta, Armelle; Virto Quecedo, Íñigo; Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaClimate change adaptation strategies are needed for agriculture, one of the most vulnerable human activities. In Navarre, North of Spain, ongoing adaptive management practices were identified and promoted in the framework of a regional adaptation strategy. Most include practices aiming to increase topsoil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural land. In this work, the effectiveness of these practices (conservation agriculture, crop rotations, additions of organic matter, irrigation, and controlled grazing management) was assessed by means of monitoring SOC in a network of 159 agricultural fields across the region. These fields were selected across bioclimatic zones, where soil vulnerabilities and land-uses were previously assessed, to represent the most widespread conditions in the region. A sampling protocol designed to compare SOC stocks in plots with equal soil conditions within each zone, and with or without adaptive practices, allowed the determination of their effect size (measured as response ratios, RR). Exogenous organic matter addition was the most effective practice for SOC storage (RR 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.25–1.37]) across the region. Controlled grazing also resulted in net SOC gains (RR CI [1.13–1.42]) in temperate and semiarid grasslands. Conservation agriculture seemed to be more effective in the driest zone (RR CI [1.30–1.53]) than in the more humid ones (RR CI [0.98–1.21]). Irrigation also displayed a net positive effect (RR CI [1.17–1.34]), modulated by irrigated crop management, whereas crop rotations had an overall negative impact vs. monoculture (RR CI [0.84–0.96]), likely by their interaction with irrigation. These results confirm the variability in SOC responses to changes in management, and SOC as an indicator for assessing regional adaptation practices, although other biophysical, agronomic, and socio-economic factors also need to be accounted for.