Lusa Cadore, Eduardo

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https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/49478

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Lusa Cadore

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Eduardo

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Ciencias de la Salud

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1173573

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810462

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Author: Lusa Cadore, Eduardo × Subject: Functional capacity ×

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    PublicationOpen Access
    International exercise recommendations in older adults (ICFSR): expert consensus guidelines
    (Springer, 2021) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Merchant, R.A.; Morley, John E.; Anker, S.D.; Aprahamian, I.; Arai, H.; Aubertin-Leheudre, M.; Bernabei, R.; Lusa Cadore, Eduardo; Cesari, Matteo; Chen, L.-K.; Souto Barreto, Philipe de; Duque, Gustavo; Ferrucci, L.; Fielding, R.A.; García Hermoso, Antonio; Gutiérrez Robledo, L.M.; Harridge, S.D.R.; Kirk, B.; Kritchevsky, S.; Landi, F.; Lazarus, N.; Martin, F.C.; Marzetti, E.; Pahor, M.; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Rolland, Y.; Ruiz, J.G.; Theou, O.; Villareal, D.T.; Waters, D.L.; Won Won, C.; Woo, J.; Vellas, Bruno; Fiatarone Singh, Maria; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological function is being continuously diminished. There is a range between two distinct phenotypes of ageing, shaped by patterns of living-experiences and behaviours, and in particular by the presence or absence of physical activity (PA) and structured exercise (i.e., a sedentary lifestyle). Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with declines in muscle function and cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities and maintain independent functioning. However, in the presence of adequate exercise/PA these changes in muscular and aerobic capacity with age are substantially attenuated. Additionally, both structured exercise and overall PA play important roles as preventive strategies for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity; improvement of mobility, mental health, and quality of life; and reduction in mortality, among other benefits. Notably, exercise intervention programmes improve the hallmarks of frailty (low body mass, strength, mobility, PA level, energy) and cognition, thus optimising functional capacity during ageing. In these pathological conditions exercise is used as a therapeutic agent and follows the precepts of identifying the cause of a disease and then using an agent in an evidence-based dose to eliminate or moderate the disease. Prescription of PA/structured exercise should therefore be based on the intended outcome (e.g., primary prevention, improvement in fitness or functional status or disease treatment), and individualised, adjusted and controlled like any other medical treatment. In addition, in line with other therapeutic agents, exercise shows a dose-response effect and can be individualised using different modalities, volumes and/or intensities as appropriate to the health state or medical condition. Importantly, exercise therapy is often directed at several physiological systems simultaneously, rather than targeted to a single outcome as is generally the case with pharmacological approaches to disease management. There are diseases for which exercise is an alternative to pharmacological treatment (such as depression), thus contributing to the goal of deprescribing of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS). There are other conditions where no effective drug therapy is currently available (such as sarcopenia or dementia), where it may serve a primary role in prevention and treatment. Therefore, this consensus statement provides an evidence-based rationale for using exercise and PA for health promotion and disease prevention and treatment in older adults. Exercise prescription is discussed in terms of the specific modalities and doses that have been studied in randomised controlled trials for their effectiveness in attenuating physiological changes of ageing, disease prevention, and/or improvement of older adults with chronic disease and disability. Recommendations are proposed to bridge gaps in the current literature and to optimise the use of exercise/PA both as a preventative medicine and as a therapeutic agent.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Enhancing health outcomes in institutionalized older adults: the critical role of combined exercise and nutritional interventions
    (Springer, 2024) Lusa Cadore, Eduardo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Significant progress in health sciences has led to increased life expectancy, yet the potential to decelerate, halt, or reverse the aging process remains uncertain. This remarkable achievement has enabled many individuals to reach advanced ages in good health and with independence, enhancing their quality of life and time spent with family and friends. However, extending lifespan alone does not ensure independent aging or improved quality of life. Despite the additional years gained in recent decades, many adults do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity. Consequently, these additional years are often marked by increased disability. Inactive aging leads to an unhealthy phenotype among the older population, characterized by diminished physical work capacity and a greater risk of non-communicable diseases. As individuals age, physical inactivity increases their risk of falls, fractures, ospitalizations, frailty, and institutionalization. In particular, the very elderly in institutional settings exhibit reduced functional and cognitive capacities, placing them at higher risk of frailty and disability. Older adults with low functional capacity, especially those institutionalized, are associated with increased public health expenditures compared to their healthier, noninstitutionalized counterparts [3]. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies to combat physical frailty in this vulnerable population. Among these, physical exercise interventions, especially those integrating exercise with nutritional support, have shown exceptional costeffectiveness in addressing frailty in institutionalized older adults.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Effects of multicomponent exercise training on the intrinsic capacity in frail older adults: review of clinical trials
    (Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2022) Mello, Alexandre; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Teodoro, Juliana Lopes; Lusa Cadore, Eduardo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Aim: To review the effects of multicomponent exercise training on the domains of the intrinsic capacity of physically frail older adults: locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological outcomes, and sensory function. Methods: The search for the studies was carried out in the MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro databases, along with manual search, delimiting the period of publication as the last 10 years. The initial search identified 338 studies and 18 among them were analyzed qualitatively. Results: From the analysis of the included studies, great variability was evidenced between the intervention protocols, as well as between the results. As for the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise training, it has been shown to induce a positive effect on most of the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, the present review suggests that multicomponent physical training can be effective to improve aspects of locomotion, cognition, and psychological aspects in frail older populations. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to specify the time needed to achieve such adaptations, the magnitude of these adaptations, and the design of the most appropriate training program for each outcome related to intrinsic capabilities.