Open Access
Optical fiber bus protection network to multiplex sensors: experimental validation of self-diagnosis
(IEEE, 2012) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Urquhart, Paul; Schlüter, Marcel; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The experimental demonstration of a resilient wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) fiber bus network to interconnect sensors is reported. The network recovers operation after failures and it performs 'self-diagnosis', the identification of the failed constituent(s) from the patterns of surviving end-toend connections at its operating wavelengths. We provide clear evidence for the channel arrivals predicted by theory. In doing so, we explore the potential for spurious signals caused by reflections from broken fiber ends. Appropriate precautionary measures, especially the imposition of electronic thresholds at the receivers, can greatly reduce the scope for false diagnoses. Software to predict the failure site within the network from the arriving channels at the receivers is also reported. We describe how to coordinate self-diagnosis with protection switching so as to reduce the momentary service interruption.
Open Access
Láser random de fibra óptica asistido por reflectores de fibra con retrodispersión controlada artificialmente
(SEDOPTICA, 2021) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Roldán Varona, Pablo; Galarza Galarza, Marko; Sañudo-Lasagabaster Ibáñez, Silvia; Rodríguez Cobo, Luis; López Higuera, José Miguel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA1928
Este trabajo presenta un láser de fibra tipo random (LFR) en cavidad semi-abierta, mediante amplificación híbrida Raman-Erbio y asistida por reflectores de fibra con retrodispersión controlada artificialmente (RFRCA). Como medio activo se ha empleado una combinación de 2,4 km de fibra compensadora de dispersión con dos tramos de fibra altamente dopada con erbio de 5 m cada uno. Se ha obtenido una única línea de emisión láser centrada a en 1553.8 nm y con una relación señal a ruido óptica de 47 dB cuando en la estructura se inyectaba una potencia de bombeo de 37.5 dBm. Además, se ha medido la estabilidad en términos de potencia de salida de este láser durante 3 horas, obteniendo una inestabilidad tan baja como 0,08 dB con un nivel de confianza del 100%.
Open Access
L-band multiwavelength single-longitudinal mode fiber laser for sensing applications
(IEEE / OSA, 2012) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Ullán Nieto, Ángel; Leandro González, Daniel; Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; Quintela, M. A.; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; López Higuera, José Miguel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, a novel single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) four-wavelength laser configuration for sensing applications in the L-band is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor system presented here is based on ring resonators, and employs fiber Bragg gratings to select the operation wavelengths. The stable SLM operation is guaranteed when all the lasing channels present similar output powers. It is also experimentally demonstrated that when a SLMbehavior is achieved, lower output power fluctuations are obtained. Characterization of the lasing structure for temperature sensing is also shown.
Open Access
Stabilization of dual-wavelength erbium doped ring fiber lasers by single-mode operation
(IEEE, 2010) Quintela, M. A.; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Canales, Irene; Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, a novel single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) dual-wavelength laser configuration is proposed and demonstrated. This laser is based on ring resonators, and employs fiber Bragg gratings to select the operation wavelengths. It includes a short piece of highly doped Er-fiber that acts as the active medium. The stable SLM operation is guaranteed when the two lasing channels present similar output powers. This behavior is shown for different pump powers.
Open Access
Frequency modulated continuous wave system for optical fiber intensity sensors with optical amplification
(IEEE, 2009) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Frazão, Orlando; Santos, José Luís; Araújo, Francisco Moita; Ferreira, Luis Alberto; Baptista, José Manuel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
We report on the use of erbium doped fiber (EDF) amplification to enhance a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique for referencing optical intensity sensors located between two Bragg grating structures. The experiment combines the concept of FMCW with the spectrally selective mirror properties of Bragg gratings to interrogate with referencing properties intensity based sensors. The interrogation system without amplification yields a sensor resolution of around 0.078 dB. When the EDF amplifier is introduced into the experimental set up, the sensor sensitivity does not change, but the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, resulting into an enhanced resolution of 0.025 dB. We also obtain a remote sensing operation at a location of 50 km, showing the feasibility of this configuration to be used as a remote sensing application.
Open Access
Optical fiber lasers assisted by microdrilled optical fiber tapers
(Optical Society of America, 2019) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Pallarés Aldeiturriaga, D.; Júdez Colorado, Aitor; Rodríguez Cobo, Luis; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; López Higuera, José Miguel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
In this Letter, we present an analysis of the backscattering generated in a microdrilled tapered fiber within a short-linear-cavity fiber laser. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a fiber cavity laser based on a tapered optical fiber segment that generates artificially controlled backscattering. The 50-mu m-waist taper was fabricated from a standard single-mode fiber, and the taper was subsequently microdrilled using a femtosecond laser micromachining system. The laser generation properties conferred by the microdrilled optical fiber taper were experimentally investigated. A single-wavelength laser emission at 1562 nm with an output power of 10 dBm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio greater than 45 dB is demonstrated.
Open Access
WDM and TDM interrogation by sequentially pulsing direct modulated DFBs
(Optica, 2020) Pérez González, Asier; Bravo Acha, Mikel; Leandro González, Daniel; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
A new versatile and cost-effective interrogation system by pulsing direct modulated (DM) DFB laser diodes is proposed. 1 pm wavelength resolution and 600 m sensor spacing is demonstrated by sequentially pulsing a DM DFB.
Open Access
Fiber optic sensor networks
(Elsevier, 2013) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
One of the main goals in fiber optic sensor technology is to multiplex together a high number of sensorsin the same network in order to share expensive terminal equipment and develop a system including multiple measuring points. Different kind of multiplexing networks for fiber optic sensors will be described and compared here, including networks using optical amplification and lasing multiplexing systems. State of the art in multiplexed and distributed sensor networks is also shown, focused on robust, remote and distributed Brillouin networks.
Open Access
Micro-displacement sensor based on hollow core fiber interferometers
(Optica, 2022) Sánchez González, Arturo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Armando; Dauliat, Romain; Jamier, Raphael; Roy, Philippe; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
An interferometric sensor based on hollow core fibers for the measurement of micro-displacement has been designed. Its characterization has resulted in a linear response, suggesting its application in pressure sensors.
Open Access
Fiber cavity ring down and gain amplification effect
(Springer Nature, 2016) Silva, Susana; Magalhães, Regina; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Marques, M. B.; Frazão, Orlando; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The effect of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) placed inside the fiber ring of a cavity ring down (CRD) configuration is studied. The limitations and advantages of this configuration are discussed, and the study of the ring-down time as a function of the current applied and gain to the EDFA is also presented. In this case, the power fluctuations in the output signal are strongly dependent on the cavity ring-down time with the EDFA gain.