Open Access
Dynamics of GFLV, GFkV, GLRaV-1, and GLRaV -3 grapevine viruses transport toward developing tissues
(Springer, 2023) Crespo Martínez, Sara; Ramírez Lacunza, Asier; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Viral diseases in grapevine cause large economic losses due to decreased irregular yield and unbalanced ripening, and can even lead to plant mortality. There is a large number of grapevine viral agents, and a few of them have a prominent impact due to their worldwide distribution, virulence, and incidence. Although previous research has evaluated variations in viral load between organs and time since infection, there is still a lack of knowledge on how the viruses are transported toward developing tissues. In this work, we present the results of two experiments that contribute to understanding the spread dynamics of four major grapevine viruses (GFLV, GFkV, GLRaV-1, and GLRaV -3). Bud and leaf tissues were sampled from shoots obtained from cv. ‘Garnacha’ cuttings known to be infected with one of these viruses. Bud samples taken at early development stages were used to understand short-distance transport, while leaves taken from young shoots represented long-distance transport, driven mainly through the phloem. Our results show that all viruses were able to invade tissues from the beginning of development. The dissemination ability of GFLV was considerable, as the viral load detected in young organs was as high as in the dormant shoot. Furthermore, for GFLV and GFkV, it was shown that the viral load in young shoots does not follow the general assumption of older tissues accumulating a higher viral load but, conversely, a higher viral load closer to the shoot tip might be driven by the sink strength.
Open Access
fruclimadapt: an R package for climate adaptation assessment of temperate fruit species
(Elsevier, 2021) Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Climate strongly determines the growing range of fruit plant species that can be grown successfully in an area, and also the cultivars that will perform best. Therefore, the assessment of the adequacy of a climate is critical for decision-making in the design of fruit orchards and vineyards, and also for the evaluation of the potential consequences of future climate on fruit production. Bioclimatic indices and plant phenology models are commonly used to assess the suitability of climate for growing quality fruit and to provide temporal and spatial information about regarding ongoing and future changes. In this paper, we present fruclimadapt, a flexible and versatile package in the R language that streamlines the assessment of climate adaptation and the identification of potential risks for grapevines and fruit trees. A core set of functions allows to assess climate adaptation of fruit tree species by calculating specific bioclimatic index values and to evaluate potential threats to yield and fruit quality. Three additional sets of functions have been included as companions to: i) downscale daily meteorological values to hourly data, ii) estimate winter chill and forcing heat accumulation and iii) estimate the occurrence of phenological phases. fruclimadapt is currently available from the CRAN website (https://cran.r-project.org/package=fruclimadapt).

Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge

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