Open Access
Understanding the association of intrapancreatic fat deposition with adiposity and components of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier, 2025-05-06) Izquierdo Rodríguez, Claudia; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Santos Martín, José Luis; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Medrano Echeverría, María; Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente; Goran, Michael I.; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: Intrapancreatic fat deposition is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in adults, but the association is less clear in children. Our goal in this work was therefore to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between intrapancreatic fat deposition with adiposity and components of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus from database inception to January 11, 2025 (registration number: CRD42022374159). Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to obtain pooled correlations estimates of the association of intrapancreatic fat deposition with various adiposity related outcomes (i.e., overall/central adiposity and specific fat depots; primary outcome) and cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., glycaemic traits, insulin resistance/sensitivity, insulin secretion surrogates, plasma lipids, and blood pressure; secondary outcomes). Risk of bias and the quality of evidence were evaluated. Findings: We identified a total of 252 studies, of which 15 unique studies (N = 1261 participants, mean age ranged 10.6–17.7 years, 44.4% females) were eligible for meta-analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging-measured intrapancreatic fat deposition showed a small to medium positive significant association with adiposity (n = 53 studies, r = 0.24 [95% CI:0.19; 0.29], I2 = 61.5%), impaired glycaemic traits and insulin sensitivity (n = 11 studies, r = 0.15 [95% CI:0.03; 0.26], I2 = 58.9%), and HDL levels (n = 7 studies, pooled r = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.01; 0.20], I2 = 0%), and increased blood pressure (n = 6 studies, pooled r = 0.15 [95% CI: 0.05; 0.25], I2 = 0%). Interpretation: Intrapancreatic fat deposition may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disturbances in children. Therefore, it requires more attention in clinical research as an early indicator of ectopic fat deposition, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the temporal dynamics of these associations and to determine the long-term impact of intrapancreatic fat deposition on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Open Access
Perceived quality of life is related to a healthy lifestyle and related outcomes in spanish children and adolescents: The physical activity, sedentarism, and obesity in spanish study
(MDPI, 2023) Ródenas-Munar, Marina; Monserrat-Mesquida, Margalida; Gómez, Santiago F.; Wärnberg, Julia; Medrano Echeverría, María; González Gross, Marcela; Gusi, Narcís; Aznar, Susana; Marín-Cascales, Elena; González Valeiro, Miguel A.; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Pulgar, Susana; Segú, Marta; Fitó, Montserrat; Torres, Silvia; Benavente-Marín, Juan C.; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Zapico, Augusto G.; Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús; Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio; Alcaraz, Pedro E.; Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta; Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía; Schröder, Helmut; Bouzas, Cristina; Tur, Josep A.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Background: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for safeguarding the well-being and quality of life perception, appropriate growth, and development of children and adolescents, while also mitigating the risk of future adult-onset diseases. Objective: To assess associations between perceived quality of life and healthy lifestyle and related outcomes in Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 8–16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 3534) were included in the nationwide study of Physical Activity, Sedentarism, and Obesity in Spanish Youth (PASOS). Data were collected through (1) questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), healthy lifestyle outcomes (dietary intake, physical fitness, sleep, and screen time), and (2) anthropometric measurements for weight status assessment. Data were analysed by logistic regression, using the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as the grouping variable. Results: Participants with a lower HRQoL were those with a lower adherence to the MedDiet and lower achievement of the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables. They were also less likely to follow the recommendations for screen time and sleep (with the exception of the weekend) compared to participants with a higher HRQoL. Participants with a lower HRQoL showed a lower healthy weight status and poorer physical fitness than those with a higher HRQoL. Conclusions: Healthy eating habits, healthy weight status (normal weight), appropriate sleep time, physical fitness, and limited screen time play a crucial role in the perceived quality of life in children and adolescents.
Open Access
Comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis, slaughter skinfold-thickness equations, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for estimating body fat percentage in Colombian children and adolescents with excess of adiposity
(MDPI, 2018) González Ruiz, Katherine; Medrano Echeverría, María; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique; García Hermoso, Antonio; Prieto Benavides, Daniel Humberto; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been considered a reference method for measuring body fat percentage (BF%) in children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. However, given that the DXA technique is impractical for routine field use, there is a need to investigate other methods that can accurately determine BF%. We studied the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) technology, including foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot impedance, and Slaughter skinfold-thickness equations in the measurement of BF%, compared with DXA, in a population of Latin American children and adolescents with an excess of adiposity. A total of 127 children and adolescents (11-17 years of age; 70% girls) from the HEPAFIT (Exercise Training and Hepatic Metabolism in Overweight/Obese Adolescent) study were included in the present work. BF% was measured on the same day using two BIA analysers (Seca((R)) 206, Allers Hamburg, Germany and Model Tanita((R)) BC-418((R)), TANITA Corporation, Sportlife Tokyo, Japan), skinfold measurements (Slaughter equation), and DXA (Hologic Horizon DXA System((R)), Quirugil, Bogota, Columbia). Agreement between measurements was analysed using t-tests, Bland-Altman plots, and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (c). There was a significant correlation between DXA and the other BF% measurement methods (r > 0.430). According to paired t-tests, in both sexes, BF% assessed by BIA analysers or Slaughter equations differ from BF% assessed by DXA (p < 0.001). The lower and upper limits of the differences compared with DXA were 6.3-22.9, 2.2-2.8, and -3.2-21.3 (95% CI) in boys and 2.3-14.8, 2.4-20.1, and 3.9-18.3 (95% CI) in girls for Seca((R)) mBCA, Tanita((R)) BC 420MA, and Slaughter equations, respectively. Concordance was poor between DXA and the other methods of measuring BF% (c < 0.5). BIA analysers and Slaughter equations underestimated BF% measurements compared to DXA, so they are not interchangeable methods for assessing BF% in Latin American children and adolescents with excess of adiposity.
Embargo
Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of physically active lessons in secondary education: ACTIVE CLASS pilot study
(Wolters Kluwer, 2025-02-10) Ruiz-Hermosa, Abel; Sánchez-Oliva, David; Grao-Cruces, Alberto; Medrano Echeverría, María; González-Pérez, María; Martín-Acosta, Fátima; Camiletti-Moirón, Daniel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Introduction: the aim of this study was to test the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a physically active learning (PAL) intervention (ACTIVE CLASS pilot study) to improve physical health and cognitive and academic performance, increase physical activity (PA) levels, and reduce sedentary time (ST) in adolescents, and to analyze the distribution of activity intensity during a PAL lesson and assess differences with physical education lessons. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted including 77 students aged 12-14 yr from two Spanish secondary schools. The ACTIVE CLASS pilot program consisted of integrating a weekly PAL lesson into mathematics lessons for 4 wk. Changes in body composition (body mass index and waist circumference), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness), executive functions (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), and mathematical fluency were measured. Accelerometer-based ST and PA were measured in the intervention group. The feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed using self-reported questionnaires for teachers and students. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to test the effects of the intervention. Results: there were no significant improvements in body composition, fitness, and cognitive and academic performance when comparing the intervention and control groups. The inclusion of the PAL intervention significantly increased average PA levels and reduced ST during the school day, and no significant differences were found in accelerometer-based variables between physical education and PAL lessons. In fact, PAL lessons could provide up to 17 min of moderate/vigorous PA. In addition, teachers and students reported good feasibility and acceptability of the PAL intervention. Conclusion: the findings support further research with a longer-term intervention and a larger sample size to determine the true potential of PAL for adolescents' physical health, cognition, and academic performance.

Medrano Echeverría, María

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