Open Access
Study of the degradation of heat exchanger materials in the acidic environment of Teide National Park
(2019) Catalán Ros, Leyre; Pérez Artieda, Miren Gurutze; Berlanga Labari, Carlos; Garacochea Sáenz, Amaia; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Domínguez, Vidal; Montañez, Ana Carolina; Padilla, Germán D.; Pérez, Nemesio M.; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería
Supplying power to volcanic monitoring stations constitutes a challenge due to both the access difficulties and the acidic environment associated with volcanoes. ELECTROVOLCAN project is developing thermoelectric generators that make use of the temperature of the available fumaroles to directly supply electricity to the stations in a robust, compact and reliable way. The main element of thermoelectric generators are the thermoelectric modules, based on Seebeck effect. Nonetheless, since the efficiency of these modules increases with the temperature difference between their sides, the introduction of heat exchangers becomes essential. The present study analyses the behavior of different materials used in the construction of the heat exchangers in the acidic environment of Teide National Park.
Open Access
Net thermoelectric power generation improvement through heat transfer optimization
(Elsevier, 2017) Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
Thermoelectric generation contributes to obtain a more sustainable energetic system giving its potential to harvest waste heat and convert it into electric power. In the present study a computational optimal net generation of 108.05 MWh/year was produced out of the flue gases of a real tile furnace located in Spain (the equivalent to supply the energy to 31 Spanish dwellings). This maximum generation has been obtained through the optimization of the hot and cold heat exchangers, the number of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) installed and the mass flows of the refrigerants, including the temperature loss of the flue gases and the influence of the heat power to dissipate over the heat dissipators. The results are conclusive, the installation of more TEMs does not always imply higher thermoelectric generation, so the occupancy ratio (δ) has to be optimized. The optimal generation has been achieved covering the 42 % of the surface of the chimney of the tile furnace with TEMs and using heat pipes on the cold side, which present smaller thermal resistances than the finned dissipators for similar consumptions of their fans. Moreover, the high influence of the consumption of the auxiliary equipment shows the importance of considering it to obtain realistic usable electric energy from real applications.
Open Access
Development and experimental validation of a thermoelectric test bench for laboratory lessons
(OmniaScience, 2013) Rodríguez García, Antonio; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Pérez Artieda, Miren Gurutze; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
The refrigeration process reduces the temperature of a space or a given volume while the power generation process employs a source of thermal energy to generate electrical power. Because of the importance of these two processes, training of engineers in this area is of great interest. In engineering courses it is normally studied the vapor compression and absorption refrigeration, and power generation systems such as gas turbine and steam turbine. Another type of cooling and generation less studied within the engineering curriculum, having a great interest, it is cooling and thermal generation based on Peltier and Seebeck effects. The theoretical concepts are useful, but students have difculties understanding the physical meaning of their possible applications. Providing students with tools to test and apply the theory in real applications, will lead to a better understanding of the subject. Engineers must have strong theoretical, computational and also experimental skills. A prototype test bench has been built and experimentally validated to perform practical lessons of thermoelectric generation and refrigeration. Using this prototype students learn the most effective way of cooling systems and thermal power generation as well as basic concepts associated with thermoelectricity. It has been proven that students learn the process of data acquisition, and the technology used in thermoelectric devices. These practical lessons are implemented for a 60 people group of students in the development of subject of Thermodynamic including in the Degree in Engineering in Industrial Technologies of Public University of Navarra.
Open Access
Computational study on the thermal influence of the components of a thermoelectric ice maker on the ice production
(Springer US, 2012) Rodríguez García, Antonio; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; González Vian, José; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
The main objective of this paper is to study the thermal resistances of two components of a thermoelectric ice maker installed in a no-frost refrigerator, in order to optimize the ice production. This study is conducted via a computational model developed by the Thermal and Fluids Research Group from Public University of Navarre, explained and validated in previous papers. Firstly, three dissipaters with different space between fins are simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics Fluent to study their influence on both the ice production and the performance of the refrigerator. The computational model predicts a maximum production of 2.82 kg/day of ice with less than 7 W of extra electric power consumption, though these values depend to a great extent on the cooling and freezing power of the refrigerator. Secondly, this work focuses on reducing the size of the components in order to save raw material and reduce the cost of the device. The computational model predicts that the last design produces 2.42 kg/day of ice, saves 65 % of raw material and reduces to the half the expenses assigned to the thermoelectric modules.
Open Access
The importance of the assembly in thermoelectric generators
(IntechOpen, 2018) Araiz Vega, Miguel; Catalán Ros, Leyre; Herrero Mola, Óscar; Pérez Artieda, Miren Gurutze; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería
Generally, in the optimization of thermoelectric generators, only the heat exchangers or the thermoelectric modules themselves are taken into account. However, the assembly of the generator as a whole is of vital importance since a bad contact or a thermal bridge can waste the performance of an optimal generator. In this sense, the present chapter analyzes experimentally the use of different interface materials to reduce the thermal contact resistance between the modules and the heat exchangers, the influence of the pressure distribution in the assembly as well as the effect of different insulating materials in order to reduce the thermal bridge between the exchangers. Thus, it has been demonstrated that a good assembly requires the implementation of thermal interface materials to ensure the microscopic contact between the heat exchangers and the modules, besides a uniform clamping pressure. Nevertheless, since this is normally achieved with screws, they represent a source of thermal bridges in conjunction with the small distance between the exchangers. In order to reduce heat losses due to thermal bridges, which can represent up to one-third of the incoming heat, an increment of the distance between the exchangers and the use of an insulator is recommended.
Open Access
Corrigendum to “Oscillatory motions in restricted N-body problems” [J. Differential Equations 265 (2018) 779–803]
(Elsevier, 2019) Álvarez-Ramírez, Martha; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Palacián Subiela, Jesús Francisco; Yanguas Sayas, Patricia; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
At the beginning of paper [1] there is an error that spreads along the rest of the work and the conclusions are not correct in their present form. Precisely, in Section 2, page 783, there is a contradiction related to the scaling. In the paragraph before formula (6) it is said that t→ε^3t but Hamiltonian (6) is not scaled accordingly. We have fixed the problem and, after performing due changes, the conclusions are obtained. The existence of the manifolds at infinity is guaranteed (Theorem 3.1) and the transversal intersection of them is concluded in Theorem 5.1. The applications in Section 6 are also valid after adapting them to the new version of the theorems.
Open Access
Experimental investigation of the applicability of a thermoelectric generator to recover waste heat from a combustion chamber
(Elsevier, 2015) Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
A thermoelectric generator prototype has been built; it produces 21.56 W of net power, the produced thermoelectric power minus the consumption of the auxiliary equipment, using an area of 0.25 m2 (approximately 100 W/m2). The prototype is located at the exhaust of a combustion chamber and it is provided with 48 thermoelectric modules and two different kinds of heat exchangers, finned heat sinks and heat pipes. Globally, the 40 % of the primary energy used is thrown to the ambient as waste heat; one of the many different applications in which thermoelectricity can be applied is to harvest waste heat to produce electrical power. Besides, the influence on the thermoelectric and on the net power generation of key parameters such as the temperature and mass flow of the exhaust gases, the heat dissipation systems in charge of dispatching the heat into the ambient and the consumption of the auxiliary equipment has been studied. In terms of heat dissipation, the heat pipes outperform the finned dissipators, a 43 % more net power is obtained.
Open Access
Improvement of a thermoelectric and vapour compression hybrid refrigerator
(Elsevier, 2012) Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
This paper presents the improvement in the performance of a domestic hybrid refrigerator that combines vapour compression technology for the cooler and freezer compartments, and thermoelectric technology for a new compartment. The heat emitted by the Peltier modules is discharged into the freezer compartment, forming a cascade refrigeration system. This configuration leads to a significant improvement in the coefficient of operation. Thus, the electric power consumption of the modules and the refrigerator decrease by 95 % and 20 % respectively, with respect to those attained with a cascade refrigeration system connected with the cooler compartment. The optimization process is based on a computational model that simulates the behaviour of the whole refrigerator. Two prototypes have been built and tested. Experimental results indicate that the temperature of the new compartment is easily set up at any value between 0 and -4 ºC, the oscillation of this temperature is always lower than 0.4 ºC, and the electric power consumption is low enough to include this hybrid refrigerator into energy efficiency class A, according European rules and regulations.
Open Access
Zero-power-consumption thermoelectric system to prevent overheating in solar collectors
(Elsevier, 2014) Martínez Echeverri, Álvaro; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de Materiales; Mekanika, Energetika eta Materialen Ingeniaritza
Highly promoted by the European Union Climate and Energy Package for 2020, solar collectors stand out as the most promising alternative to meet water heating demands. One of the most limiting problems in these systems involves the overheating of the working fluid, resulting in rapid fluid degradation, scaling and premature component failure. This paper presents the computational design of a zero-power-consumption system that combines thermoelectric-self-cooling technology and thermosyphon effect to dissipate the excess heat from a real solar-collector installation. Thermoelectric self-cooling is a novel thermoelectric application proven to enhance the heat dissipation of any hot spot without electricity consumption. The simplest design outperforms currently-used static and dynamic dissipaters for overheating protection in solar collectors, since it increases the global heat transfer coefficient of a static dissipater by 75 % and requires no electricity. Likewise, the final design presents a global heat transfer coefficient of 15.23 W/(m2K), 155 % higher than that provided by static dissipaters, forming a reliable, robust and autonomous system that stands out as a promising alternative to prevent the overheating of solar collectors.
Open Access
Oscillatory motions in restricted N-body problems
(Elsevier, 2018) Álvarez-Ramírez, Martha; Rodríguez García, Antonio; Palacián Subiela, Jesús Francisco; Yanguas Sayas, Patricia; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática
We consider the planar restricted N-body problem where the N−1 primaries are assumed to be in a central configuration whereas the infinitesimal particle escapes to infinity in a parabolic orbit. We prove the existence of transversal intersections between the stable and unstable manifolds of the parabolic orbits at infinity which guarantee the existence of a Smale’s horseshoe. This implies the occurrence of chaotic mo-tions, namely the oscillatory motions, that is, orbits for which the massless particle leaves every bounded region but it returns infinitely often to some fixed bounded region. Our achievement is based in an adequate scaling of the variables which allows us to write the Hamiltonian function as the Hamiltonian of the Kepler problem plus higher-order terms that depend on the chosen configuration. We compute the Melnikov function related to the first non-null perturbative term and characterize the cases where it has simple zeroes. Concretely, for some combinations of the configuration parameters, i.e. mass values and positions of the primaries, and for a specific value of a parameter related to the angular momentum vector, the Melnikov function vanishes, otherwise it has simple zeroes and the transversality condition is satisfied. When the Melnikov function corresponding to the principal part of the perturbation is zero we compute the next non-zero Melnikov function proving that it has simple zeroes. The theory is illustrated for various cases of restricted N-body problems, including the circular restricted three-body problem. No restrictions on the mass parameters are assumed.