Open Access
Gaze tracking system model based on physical parameters
(World Scientific Publishing, 2007) Villanueva Larre, Arantxa; Cabeza Laguna, Rafael; Porta Cuéllar, Sonia; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
In the past years, research in eye tracking development and applications has attracted much attention and the possibility of interacting with a computer employing just gaze information is becoming more and more feasible. Efforts in eye tracking cover a broad spectrum of fields, system mathematical modeling being an important aspect in this research. Expressions relating to several elements and variables of the gaze tracker would lead to establish geometric relations and to find out symmetrical behaviors of the human eye when looking at a screen. To this end a deep knowledge of projective geometry as well as eye physiology and kinematics are basic. This paper presents a model for a bright-pupil technique tracker fully based on realistic parameters describing the system elements. The system so modeled is superior to that obtained with generic expressions based on linear or quadratic expressions. Moreover, model symmetry knowledge leads to more effective and simpler calibration strategies, resulting in just two calibration points needed to fit the optical axis and only three points to adjust the visual axis. Reducing considerably the time spent by other systems employing more calibration points renders a more attractive model.
Open Access
Synthetic gaze data augmentation for improved user calibration
(Springer, 2021) Garde Lecumberri, Gonzalo; Larumbe Bergera, Andoni; Porta Cuéllar, Sonia; Cabeza Laguna, Rafael; Villanueva Larre, Arantxa; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
In this paper, we focus on the calibration possibilitiesó of a deep learning based gaze estimation process applying transfer learning, comparing its performance when using a general dataset versus when using a gaze specific dataset in the pretrained model. Subject calibration has demonstrated to improve gaze accuracy in high performance eye trackers. Hence, we wonder about the potential of a deep learning gaze estimation model for subject calibration employing fine-tuning procedures. A pretrained Resnet-18 network, which has great performance in many computer vision tasks, is fine-tuned using user’s specific data in a few shot adaptive gaze estimation approach. We study the impact of pretraining a model with a synthetic dataset, U2Eyes, before addressing the gaze estimation calibration in a real dataset, I2Head. The results of the work show that the success of the individual calibration largely depends on the balance between fine-tuning and the standard supervised learning procedures and that using a gaze specific dataset to pretrain the model improves the accuracy when few images are available for calibration. This paper shows that calibration is feasible in low resolution scenarios providing outstanding accuracies below 1.5 ∘ ∘ of error.
Open Access
Low-cost eye tracking calibration: a knowledge-based study
(MDPI, 2021) Garde Lecumberri, Gonzalo; Larumbe Bergera, Andoni; Bossavit, Benoît; Porta Cuéllar, Sonia; Cabeza Laguna, Rafael; Villanueva Larre, Arantxa; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
Subject calibration has been demonstrated to improve the accuracy in high-performance eye trackers. However, the true weight of calibration in off-the-shelf eye tracking solutions is still not addressed. In this work, a theoretical framework to measure the effects of calibration in deep learning-based gaze estimation is proposed for low-resolution systems. To this end, features extracted from the synthetic U2Eyes dataset are used in a fully connected network in order to isolate the effect of specific user’s features, such as kappa angles. Then, the impact of system calibration in a real setup employing I2Head dataset images is studied. The obtained results show accuracy improvements over 50%, probing that calibration is a key process also in low-resolution gaze estimation scenarios. Furthermore, we show that after calibration accuracy values close to those obtained by high-resolution systems, in the range of 0.7°, could be theoretically obtained if a careful selection of image features was performed, demonstrating significant room for improvement for off-the-shelf eye tracking systems

Cabeza Laguna, Rafael

Email Address

person.page.identifierURI

Birth Date

Job Title

Last Name

First Name

person.page.departamento

person.page.instituteName

ORCID

person.page.observainves

person.page.upna

Name

Filters

Author

Subject

Date

Has files

Item Type

Type

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results