Open Access
Preocupación por el consumo de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres usuarios de chemsex en España
(Asociación Española de Estudio en Drogodependencias (AESED), 2023) Guede, David; Guerras, Juan M.; González-Recio, Paule; Donat, Marta; Hoyos, Juan; Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Palma, David; Belza, María José; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
Introducción: El chemsex, una actividad recreativa y ocasional para la mayoría de los hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (GBHSH) que lo practican, se ha asociado a consecuencias negativas en distintas esferas de la salud. Sin embargo, apenas existe evidencia sobre la preocupación por el consumo de drogas entre usuarios de chemsex. Objetivos: Estimar la proporción de hombres GBHSH usuarios de chemsex preocupados por su consumo de drogas e identificar sus principales determinantes, así como las drogas asociadas a mayor preocupación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio online entre mayo y julio de 2020, en el que se analizaron 779 hombres GBHSH que habían participado en sesiones de chemsex en los últimos 12 meses. Se estimó la prevalencia de preocupación por consumo de drogas y se realizó un análisis multivariante para identificar los factores asociados mediante regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: La preocupación por consumo de drogas en los últimos 12 meses (31,6%) se asoció de forma independiente con: tener menos de 40 años, haber pagado dinero a cambio de sexo, el consumo de las drogas más asociadas con la práctica del chemsex, así como con el consumo regular y la inyección de drogas en cualquier circunstancia. Metanfetamina y mefedrona fueron las drogas que más preocuparon a los usuarios de chemsex. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de implementar medidas dirigidas a identificar y favorecer el acceso de los usuarios de chemsex preocupados por su consumo de drogas a los recursos sociosanitarios. Asimismo, es importante incrementar la conciencia acerca de los riesgos asociados al consumo de drogas en esta población, especialmente entre los usuarios con patrones potencialmente problemáticos como el uso regular o inyectado de drogas.
Open Access
Excess mortality during 2020 in Spain: the most affected population, age, and educational group by the Covid-19 pandemic
(Cambridge University Press, 2024-02-19) Pulido, José; Barrio, Gregorio; Donat, Marta; Politi, Julieta; Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Cea-Soriano, Lucía; Guerras, Juan M.; Huertas, Lidia; Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto; Ronda, Elena; Martínez, David; Lostao Unzu, Lourdes; Belza, María José; Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa.
Objective: The objective of this work was to study mortality increase in Spain during the first and second academic semesters of 2020, coinciding with the first 2 waves of the Covid-19 pandemic; by sex, age, and education. Methods: An observational study was carried out, using linked populations and deaths' data from 2017 to 2020. The mortality rates from all causes and leading causes other than Covid-19 during each semester of 2020, compared to the 2017-2019 averages for the same semester, was also estimated. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and differences were used for comparison. Results: All-cause mortality rates increased in 2020 compared to pre-covid, except among working-age, (25-64 years) highly-educated women. Such increases were larger in lower-educated people between the working age range, in both 2020 semesters, but not at other ages. In the elderly, the MMR in the first semester in women and men were respectively, 1.14, and 1.25 among lower-educated people, and 1.28 and 1.23 among highly-educated people. In the second semester, the MMR were 1.12 in both sexes among lower-educated people and 1.13 in women and 1.16 in men among highly-educated people. Conclusion: Lower-educated people within working age and highly-educated people at older ages showed the greatest increase in all-cause mortality in 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic period.
Open Access
Rural-urban disparities in the reduction of avoidable mortality and mortality from all other causes of death in Spain, 2003-2019
(Springer, 2023) Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Pulido, José; Cea-Soriano, Lucía; Guerras, Juan M.; Ronda, Elena; Lostao Unzu, Lourdes; Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the trend of avoidable mortality and of mortality from all other causes of death in urban and rural areas in Spain, throughout the first 2 decades of the twenty-first century. Methods: Data deaths and population by age and sex, according to the area of residence, were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Avoidable mortality refers to premature deaths (≤ 75 years old) for which there is reasonable scientific consensus that they should not occur in the presence of timely health care. In large urban, small urban, and rural areas, annual age-standardized mortality rates from avoidable causes and from all other causes of death were calculated from 2003 to 2019. The annual percentage change (APC) in the mortality rate in each area was estimated using linear regression models and taking age-standardized mortality rates as dependent variable. Results: Mortality rates decreased between the beginning and the end of the period analysed. Large urban areas and rural areas showed the largest and smallest reduction in mortality rate respectively. The APC in avoidable mortality was -3.5% in men and -3.0% in women in large urban areas, and -2.7% in men and -2.6% in women in rural areas. The APC in the mortality rate from all other causes of death was -2.4% in men and -1.2% in women in large urban areas, and -1.4% in men and -1.0% in women in rural areas. Conclusion: In Spain, avoidable mortality and mortality from other causes of death in rural and urban areas show similar trends, which suggests the presence of a common factor responsible for such findings.
Open Access
Cardiovascular mortality and risk behaviours by degree of urbanization before, during and after the economic crisis in Spain
(BioMed Central, 2019) Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Guerras, Juan M.; Lostao Unzu, Lourdes; Fuente, Luis de la; Martínez, David; Rodríguez Artalejo, Fernando; Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
Background: To estimate the relationship of the degree of urbanization to cardiovascular mortality and to risk behaviours before, during and after the 2008 economic crisis in Spain. Methods: In three areas of residence - large urban areas, small urban areas and rural areas - we calculated the rate of premature mortality (0-74 years) from cardiovascular diseases before the crisis (2005-2007), during the crisis (2008-2010 and 2011-2013) and after the crisis (2014-2016), and the prevalence of risk behaviours in 2006, 2011 and 2016. In each period we estimated the mortality rate ratio (MRR) and the prevalence ratio, taking large urban areas as the reference. Results: In men, no significant differences were observed in mortality between the two urban areas, while the MRR in rural areas went from 0.92 [95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.94) in 2005-2007 to 0.94 (0.92-0.96) in 2014-2016. In women, no significant differences were observed in mortality between the rural and large urban areas, whereas the MRR in small urban areas decreased from 1.11 (1.08-1.14) in 2005-2007 to 1.06 (1.02-1.09) in 2014-2016. The rural areas had the lowest prevalence of smoking, obesity and physical inactivity in men, and of obesity in women. No significant differences were observed in smoking or physical inactivity by area of residence in women. Conclusion: The pattern of cardiovascular mortality by degree of urbanization was similar before and after the crisis, although in women the excess mortality in small urban areas with respect to large urban areas was smaller after the crisis. The different pattern of risk behaviours in men and women, according to area of residence, could explain these findings.

Moreno Lostao, Almudena

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