Moreno Lostao, Almudena
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Moreno Lostao
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Almudena
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Sociología y Trabajo Social
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Publication Open Access Excess mortality during 2020 in Spain: the most affected population, age, and educational group by the Covid-19 pandemic(Cambridge University Press, 2024-02-19) Pulido, José; Barrio, Gregorio; Donat, Marta; Politi, Julieta; Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Cea-Soriano, Lucía; Guerras, Juan M.; Huertas, Lidia; Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto; Ronda, Elena; Martínez, David; Lostao Unzu, Lourdes; Belza, María José; Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa.Objective: The objective of this work was to study mortality increase in Spain during the first and second academic semesters of 2020, coinciding with the first 2 waves of the Covid-19 pandemic; by sex, age, and education. Methods: An observational study was carried out, using linked populations and deaths' data from 2017 to 2020. The mortality rates from all causes and leading causes other than Covid-19 during each semester of 2020, compared to the 2017-2019 averages for the same semester, was also estimated. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) and differences were used for comparison. Results: All-cause mortality rates increased in 2020 compared to pre-covid, except among working-age, (25-64 years) highly-educated women. Such increases were larger in lower-educated people between the working age range, in both 2020 semesters, but not at other ages. In the elderly, the MMR in the first semester in women and men were respectively, 1.14, and 1.25 among lower-educated people, and 1.28 and 1.23 among highly-educated people. In the second semester, the MMR were 1.12 in both sexes among lower-educated people and 1.13 in women and 1.16 in men among highly-educated people. Conclusion: Lower-educated people within working age and highly-educated people at older ages showed the greatest increase in all-cause mortality in 2020, compared to the pre-pandemic period.Publication Open Access Assessing educational disparities in COVID-19 related excess mortality in Spain: a population register-linked mortality study(Frontiers Media, 2024-08-27) Pulido, José; Donat, Marta; Moreno Lostao, Almudena; Politi, Julieta; Cea-Soriano, Lucía; Sordo, Luis; Mateo-Urdiales, Alberto; Ronda, Elena; Belza, María José; Barrio, Gregorio; Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte LanaIntroduction: data on the increase in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic based on individuals' socioeconomic positions are limited. This study examines this increase in mortality in Spain during the epidemic waves of 2020 and 2021. Methods: we calculated the overall and cause-specific mortality rates during the 2017-2019 pre-pandemic period and four epidemic periods in 2020 and 2021 (first, second, third-fourth, and fifth-sixth waves). Mortality rates were analyzed based on educational levels (low, medium, and high) and across various age groups (25–64, 65–74, and 75+). The increase in mortality during each epidemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period was estimated using mortality rate ratios (MRR) derived from Poisson regression models. Results: an inverse educational gradient in overall mortality was observed across all periods; however, this pattern was not consistent for COVID-19 mortality in some age groups. Among those aged 75 years and older, highly educated individuals showed higher COVID-19 mortality during the first wave. In the 25-64 age group, individuals with low education experienced the highest overall mortality increase, while those with high education had the lowest increase. The MRRs were 1.21 and 1.06 during the first wave and 1.12 and 0.97 during the last epidemic period. In the 65–74 age group, highly educated individuals showed the highest overall mortality increase during the first wave, whereas medium-educated individuals had the highest increase during the subsequent epidemic periods. Among those aged 75 and older, highly educated individuals exhibited the highest overall mortality increase while the individuals with low education showed the lowest overall mortality increment, except during the last epidemic period. Conclusion: the varying educational patterns of COVID-19 mortality across different age groups contributed to the disparities of findings in increased overall mortality by education levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.