Andrés Cara, Damián de

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https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/48531

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Andrés Cara

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Damián de

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Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)

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0000-0001-7302-807X

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4002

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2012 - 20132
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Author: Amorena Zabalza, Beatriz × Subject: Diagnosis ×

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Small ruminant lentiviruses: genetic variability, tropism and diagnosis
    (MDPI, 2013) Ramírez Álvarez, Hugo; Reina Arias, Ramsés; Amorena Zabalza, Beatriz; Andrés Cara, Damián de; Martínez, Humberto A.; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako Institutua
    Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) cause a multisystemic chronic disease affecting animal production and welfare. SRLV infections are spread across the world with the exception of Iceland. Success in controlling SRLV spread depends largely on the use of appropriate diagnostic tools, but the existence of a high genetic/antigenic variability among these viruses, the fluctuant levels of antibody against them and the low viral loads found in infected individuals hamper the diagnostic efficacy. SRLV have a marked in vivo tropism towards the monocyte/macrophage lineage and attempts have been made to identify the genome regions involved in tropism, with two main candidates, the LTR and env gene, since LTR contains primer binding sites for viral replication and the env-encoded protein (SU ENV), which mediates the binding of the virus to the host’s cell and has hypervariable regions to escape the humoral immune response. Once inside the host cell, innate immunity may interfere with SRLV replication, but the virus develops counteraction mechanisms to escape, multiply and survive, creating a quasi-species and undergoing compartmentalization events. So far, the mechanisms of organ tropism involved in the development of different disease forms (neurological, arthritic, pulmonary and mammary) are unknown, but different alternatives are proposed. This is an overview of the current state of knowledge on SRLV genetic variability and its implications in tropism as well as in the development of alternative diagnostic assays.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Mannose receptor may be involved in small ruminant lentivirus pathogenesis
    (BioMed Central, 2012) Crespo Otano, Helena; Jauregui, Paula; Glaría Ezquer, Idoia; Sanjosé, Leticia; Polledo, Laura; García Marín, Juan F.; Luján, Lluís; Andrés Cara, Damián de; Amorena Zabalza, Beatriz; Reina Arias, Ramsés; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako Institutua; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: IIQ14064.RI1; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Thirty-one sheep naturally infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) of known genotype (A or B), and clinically affected with neurological disease, pneumonia or arthritis were used to analyse mannose receptor (MR) expression (transcript levels) and proviral load in virus target tissues (lung, mammary gland, CNS and carpal joints). Control sheep were SRLV-seropositive asymptomatic (n = 3), seronegative (n = 3) or with chronic listeriosis, pseudotuberculosis or parasitic cysts (n = 1 in each case). MR expression and proviral load increased with the severity of lesions in most analyzed organs of the SRLV infected sheep and was detected in the affected tissue involved in the corresponding clinical disease (CNS, lung and carpal joint in neurological disease, pneumonia and arthritis animal groups, respectively). The increased MR expression appeared to be SRLV specific and may have a role in lentiviral pathogenesis.