Open Access
Intensity matters in CLIL: evidence from primary school learners' receptive skills
(Pergamon Press, 2024-07-16) Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; Villarreal Olaizola, Izaskun; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA05-2022
The implementation of L2-medium education, exemplified by Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), is becoming increasingly popular in primary schools (García Mayo, 2021). While previous research highlights CLIL's positive impact on linguistic competence (Jiménez-Catalán & Ruiz de Zarobe, 2009), differences in linguistic achievement are often associated with varying exposure hours (Pladevall-Ballester & Vallbona, 2016). Despite CLIL's growing popularity, studies examining linguistic achievement in varying-intensity CLIL programs remain scant. We address this gap by comparing low and high-intensity CLIL programs, alongside a standard English as a foreign language (EFL) program in primary schools. Focused on 11-year-olds' receptive skills, our results show that high-intensity programs significantly enhance proficiency in listening and reading when compared to their lower-intensity counterparts. Distinctions between low-intensity and EFL programs are non-significant. These findings underscore the critical role of the intensity of exposure in shaping the effectiveness of CLIL programs and contribute insights for refining CLIL program design guidelines.
Open Access
Procedural repetition in task-based interaction among young EFL learners: does it make a difference?
(John Benjamins Publishing, 2017-12-30) Lázaro Ibarrola, Amparo; Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; Filología y Didáctica de la Lengua; Filologia eta Hizkuntzaren Didaktika; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
Interactive tasks are valuable tools for L2 learners and have long made their way into language lessons. Among the different task conditions, only few studies have dealt with procedural repetition, which consists of repeating the same task type with different contents and which is frequently used in schools. In this study we explore the effects of procedural repetition on the oral interactions of ten pairs of English learners (age 11) who had to repeat a task three times. Their negotiation strategies and general performance (accuracy, fluency and complexity) were analysed. Results show that, in the third repetition, the amount of confirmation checks and repetitions decreased significantly and accuracy timidly improved. All other aspects remained unaffected. The pedagogical implications of these results are also discussed.
Open Access
Differences in the task-supported negotiations of younger and older EFL children: from repair into prevention
(De Gruyter, 2019-02-16) Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
The benefits of task-supported interaction are especially noticeable when negotiation of meaning (NoM) occurs. Despite the large amount of research on interaction, children's ability to collaborate and to understand their partners' needs remains underresearched. This capacity has been questioned, and has been claimed to develop with age. From an interactionist perspective, we have analysed the oral interactions of 80 Spanish young learners (YLs) of English as a foreign language (EFL) from two age groups (8-9 and 10-11), when performing a collaborative task. Specifically, we have examined the nature of NoM and the strategies YLs use. Significant differences between the groups were identified: whereas younger children negotiate mostly to repair communication breakdowns, older YLs show a greater concern about their interlocutor's needs. As in previous research addressing this population, focus on form strategies are rare. This study sheds light on our understanding of how young EFL learners negotiate in task-supported interactions.
Open Access
The influence of task repetition type on young EFL learners' attention to form
(SAGE, 2019-08-23) Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; García Mayo, María del Pilar; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
Task repetition (TR) is a valuable tool to direct learners' attention from meaning to language form. The first time learners perform a task their focus is on conveying meaning, whereas during the second enactment they tend to focus on the form of their message. Collaborative writing also promotes learners' focus on form, allowing extra time to pay attention to language use, and providing multiple opportunities for learners to pool their linguistic resources and co-construct meaning. Despite the increasing body of research on young learners' (YLs) second language acquisition process, few studies have addressed the effect of the repetition of collaborative writing tasks on this population's output. The present study aims to fill this gap by analysing the impact of TR on YLs' (age 11-12) attention to form, operationalized as language-related episodes (LREs). Forty (n = 40) beginner learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) worked with two types of TR: exact TR (ETR), where the participants repeated exactly the same task, and procedural TR (PTR), where the participants repeated task type but with different content. Contrary to most previous research, most LREs were form-focused, and resolved target-like in both groups. The results also revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of LREs at time 3 in the ETR group, whereas the LREs in the PTR group remained stable. Pedagogical implications of these findings will be discussed.
Open Access
Should EFL teachers present vocabulary in semantically related sets?
(Universidad de Granada, 2015) Lázaro Ibarrola, Amparo; Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; Filología y Didáctica de la Lengua; Filologia eta Hizkuntzaren Didaktika
La enseñanza de vocabulario agrupado en campos semánticos es práctica habitual en el aula de inglés como lengua extranjera. En este estudio se compara esta técnica con su contraria, la presentación de vocabulario no relacionado, con dos grupos de alumnos de un instituto. Tras presentar las palabras con ambas técnicas los alumnos completaron un post-test. Los resultados muestran la efectividad de ambas técnicas pero con una ligera ventaja para la enseñanza de vocabulario no relacionado semánticamente.
Open Access
A cross-sectional study on task type and negotiation of meaning in CLIL child-child interaction
(Universidad de Granada, 2021) Hidalgo Gordo, María Ángeles; Azpilicueta Martínez, Raúl; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak
Diferentes tipos de tarea afectan al tipo y cantidad de la Negociación de Significado (NdS) generada en interacciones aprendiz-aprendiz. Sin embargo, el número de estudios que abordan el impacto de la variable tarea en la NdS en interacciones entre niños en contextos de aprendizaje de inglés es prácticamente inexistente. Este estudio analiza la cantidad y tipología de NdS operacionalizada en forma de los ajustes conversacionales (ACs) presentes en las interacciones de jóvenes aprendices de inglés (L1 castellano) en educación primaria durante dos tareas diferentes. Los sujetos eran 40 alumnos y alumnas de ocho años de edad cursando un programa de inmersión parcial de Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE). Diez parejas participaron en una tarea bidireccional de colocación de imágenes; las otras diez realizaron una tarea unidireccional de colocación de imágenes integrada en una historia. Los resultados apuntan a que el impacto de la tarea en el tipo y cantidad de ACs producido por los participantes tiene un alcance mucho mayor de lo esperado, revelando una cantidad significativamente mayor de ACs en la tarea unidireccional. Este hallazgo sitúa al tipo de tarea como una variable central en la lista de factores con un impacto directo en la NdS.