Open Access
Adhesion enhancement on a duplex DLC HiPIMS positive pulse doating performed by active screen plasma nitriding pretreatment on 316L stainless steel substrate
(Hindawi, 2022) Gómez Alonso, Íñigo; García Lorente, José Antonio; Santiago, José A.; Fernández, Iván; Braceras, Íñigo; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been the object of research interest due to properties such as excellent wear resistance, low coefficient of friction, high hardness, high elastic modulus, and biocompatibility. Despite this, DLC has poor adhesion properties, which makes it challenging to use in industrial applications. The application of DLC using the high-power pulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique with positive pulses has been studied. Seeking greater DLC coating adherence, the application of a nitriding pretreatment prior to the DLC coating has been studied to improve its adhesion to AISI316L stainless steel soft metal substrates, employing active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN). The influence of the different pretreatment temperatures to reach the maximum levels of adhesion has been analyzed. Scratch methods have been employed to assess adhesion. The elemental composition, morphology, and roughness of the samples have been studied, as well as the behavior of resistance to wear and friction. The results show an improvement in DCL adhesion. Critical loads (LC3) increase at higher pretreatment temperatures, from 48 N for the DLC to 82 N for the ASPN + DLC. Pretreatment has also been shown to be effective in maintaining excellent dry wear resistance properties and a low coefficient of friction.
Open Access
A comparative study in the tribological behavior of DLC coatings deposited by HiPIMS technology with positive pulses
(MDPI, 2020) García Lorente, José Antonio; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Barba Areso, Eneko; Fernández, Iván; Santiago, José A.; Fuente, Gonzalo G.; Rodríguez Trías, Rafael; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería
During the last few decades, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings were widely used for tribological applications, being an effective tool for improving the performance and the useful life of different machining tools. Despite its excellent properties, among which stand out a high hardness, a very low friction coefficient, and even an excellent wear resistance, one of the main drawbacks which limits its corresponding industrial applicability is the resultant adhesion in comparison with other commercially available deposition techniques. In this work, it is reported the tribological results of a scratch test, wear resistance, and nanoindentation of ta-C and WC:C DLC coatings deposited by means of a novel high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technology with 'positive pulses'. The coatings were deposited on 1.2379 tool steel which is of a high interest due to its great and wide industrial applicability. Finally, experimental results showed a considerable improvement in the tribological properties such as wear resistance and adhesion of both types of DLC coatings. In addition, it was also observed that the role of doping with W enables a significant enhancement on the adhesion for extremely high critical loads in the scratch tests.
Open Access
Comparative study of tribomechanical properties of HiPIMS with positive pulses DLC coatings on different tools steels
(MDPI, 2021) Claver Alba, Adrián; Jiménez-Piqué, Emilio; Almandoz Sánchez, Eluxka; Fernández de Ara, Jonathan; Fernández, Iván; Santiago, José A.; Barba Areso, Eneko; García Lorente, José Antonio; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are very interesting due to their extraordinary properties; their excellent wear resistance, very low friction coefficient, great hardness, high elastic modulus or biocompatibility can be highlighted, as can their multifunctionality. Because of this, over recent decades they have been widely used in tribological applications, improving the performance and the useful life of machining tools in an effective way. However, these coatings have a disadvantage compared to other coatings deposited by commercially available techniques-their resultant adhesion is worse than that of other techniques and limits their industrial applications. In this work, tribological results of a scratch test, wear resistance and nanoindentation of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) and tungsten carbide:carbon (WC:C) DLC coatings deposited by means of novel highpower impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technology with positive pulses are reported. The coatings were deposited in three different tools steels: K360, vanadis 4 and vancron. These tools' steels are very interesting because of their great and wide industrial applicability. Experimental results showed excellent tribological properties, such as resistance to wear or adhesion, in the two types of DLC coatings.
Open Access
Improved adhesion and tribological properties of altin-tisin coatings deposited by dcms and hipims on nitrided tool steels
(MDPI, 2021) Claver Alba, Adrián; Randulfe Ceballos, Jesús José; Fernández de Ara, Jonathan; Almandoz Sánchez, Eluxka; Montalá, Francesc; Colominas, Carles; Cot, Víctor; García Lorente, José Antonio; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería
Hard coatings, such as AlTiN-TiSiN, deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) techniques are widely used in industrial applications to protect and increase the lifetime of industrial components, such as cutting tools, dies, and forming tools. Despite their great properties, such as high hardness and wear and oxidation resistance, they are limited in cases of severe conditions due to the poor adhesion between the coating and the substrate. Duplex treatments have commonly been used to improve the adhesive properties of PVD coatings, especially those of the cathodic arc evaporation type. The purpose of this study is to achieve coatings with the good properties of the Magnetron Sputtering processes but with higher adhesion than that achieved with these techniques, thus achieving coatings that can be used under the most severe conditions. In this work, an AlTiN-TiSiN coating was deposited by a combination of DC Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS) and High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) after a gas nitriding pretreatment on 1.2379 and Vanadis 4 tool steels. Mechanical (ultra-microhardness and scratch tests) and tribological tests were carried out to study the improvement in the properties of the coating. Duplex-treated samples showed improved adhesion between the coating and the substrate, with second critical load (Lc2) values greater than 100 N. Furthermore, they showed great toughness and wear resistance. These results show that this type of coating technique could be used in the most extreme applications and that they can compete with other techniques and coatings that to date they have not been able to compete with.

García Lorente, José Antonio

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