Open Access
Analysis and description of HOLTIN service provision for AECG monitoring in complex indoor environments
(MDPI, 2013) Led Ramos, Santiago; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Martínez de Espronceda Cámara, Miguel; Serrano Arriezu, Luis Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, a novel ambulatory ECG monitoring device developed in-house called HOLTIN is analyzed when operating in complex indoor scenarios. The HOLTIN system is described, from the technological platform level to its functional model. In addition, by using in-house 3D ray launching simulation code, the wireless channel behavior, which enables ubiquitous operation, is performed. The effect of human body presence is taken into account by a novel simplified model embedded within the 3D Ray Launching code. Simulation as well as measurement results are presented, showing good agreement. These results may aid in the adequate deployment of this novel device to automate conventional medical processes, increasing the coverage radius and optimizing energy consumption.
Open Access
Análisis del comportamiento de esquemas de modulación adaptativos en LTE
(2009) Torres Landívar, Víctor; Esparza Alfaro, Fermín; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, the behaviour of several modulation schemes used in 3GPP R8 or Long Term Evolution (LTE) Systems is analyzed. In order to increase the capacity of future mobile networks, high order modulation schemes like 64-QAM are envisaged, which have more stringent Signal-to-Noise restrictions. System simulation results for various modulation schemes regarding Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) values and constellation behaviour are obtained, showing dependence of quality degradation with bit rate, interference ratio and relative constellation position of the symbols. These results, related to constellation behaviour, can aid in the future design of high data rate mobility systems based on LTE.
Open Access
Electroinductive waves in chain of complementary metamaterial elements
(AIP Publishing, 2006) Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Freire, M. J.; Marqués, R.; Baena, J.D.; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Electronductive waves supported by chains of resonators drilled on a metallic plate are presented. Propagation of energy comes as a consequence of the electric coupling between these resonators. Therefore, these waves are termed as electroinductive waves. They can be interpreted as the dual counterpart of the so-called magnetoinductive waves, which are due to the mutual inductances along chains of resonators. In order to show their existence, some electromagnetic simulations and experiments have been carried out, using as resonators the complementary particle of the split ring resonator. The reported result opens the way to a high variety of applications in one- and two-dimensional devices, such as transducers, delay lines, bends, power dividers, couplers, antennas, lenses, etc.
Open Access
Characterization and consideration of topological impact of wireless propagation in a commercial aircraft environment [wireless corner]
(IEEE, 2013) Rajo-Iglesias, Eva; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; López Iturri, Peio; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Arpón Díaz-Aldagalán, Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Wireless systems are gaining a relevant role for multiple communication tasks within commercial aircrafts. In this work, wireless propagation in an indoor commercial airplane cabin will be analyzed. The impact of indoor elements, such as passenger seats, luggage compartments and a dual deck structure will be considered, with the aid of in-house implemented 3D ray launching code. Multipath propagation plays a relevant role, given by the time domain characteristics obtained by spatially dependent power delay profiles and delay spread. The use of deterministic techniques in order to consider the inherent complexity of the airplane cabin can aid in wireless system planning in order to increase overall system capacity whilst reducing power consumption.
Open Access
Polarization-tunable negative or positive refraction in self-complementariness-based extraordinary transmission prism
(EMW Publishing, 2010) Navarro Cía, Miguel; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Here we report a prism made of stacked quasi-selfcomplementary extraordinary transmission surfaces which allows simultaneously left- and right-handed propagation within the V-band for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively and righthanded propagation within the W-band for both polarizations. The numerical dispersion diagram of the infinite structure and effective indexes of refraction retrieved from S-parameters under normal incidence together with the finite integration time domain simulations predict single negative and double positive birefringence. The unusual type of birefringence single negative and regular double positive birefringence are afterwards demonstrated experimentally at the millimeter-waves (V- and W-bands) by the wedge experiment which lets us check, using a straightforward geometrical method, the refraction of each component. The effective index of refraction is retrieved via the Snell's law and compared to those obtained through the dispersion diagram and the retrieval method from S-parameters computed with the commercial software CST Microwave StudioTM.
Open Access
Evaluation of electromagnetic dosimetry of wireless systems in complex indoor scenarios with human body interaction
(EMW Publishing, 2012) Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Arpón Díaz-Aldagalán, Javier; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Ramos González, Victoria; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In this work, the influence of human body within the estimation of dosimetric values is analyzed. A simplified human body model, including the dispersive nature of material parameters of internal organs, skin, muscle, bones and other elements has been implemented. Such a model has been included within an indoor scenario in which an in-house 3D ray launching code has been applied to estimate received power levels within the complete scenario. The results enhance previous dosimetric estimations, while giving insight on influence of human body model in power level distribution and enabling to analyze the impact in the complete volume of the scenario.
Open Access
Mejora de antenas metalo-dieléctricas en la banda de frecuencias GSM-UMTS mediante elementos en transmisión extraordinaria
(2009) Illescas, Jesús; Estévez González, Aritz; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Marcotegui Iturmendi, José Antonio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work a dual band GSM/UMTS antenna is proposed. The antenna is based on a stacked planar structure, where the combination of collimation by Enhanced Transmission and the use of parasitic director elements is used in order to achieve the desired specifications. Full wave simulation results, obtained using a self created algorithm based on the FDTD method, as well as measurement results from a fabricated prototype are presented, showing good agreement. The proposed antenna finds application in the deployment of micro and minicell sites in dual 2G/3G networks
Open Access
IVAN: Intelligent van for the distribution of pharmaceutical drugs
(MDPI, 2012) Moreno, Asier; Angulo Martínez, Ignacio; Perallos Ruiz, Asier; Landaluce, Hugo; García Zuazola, Ignacio Julio; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
This paper describes a telematic system based on an intelligent van which is capable of tracing pharmaceutical drugs over delivery routes from a warehouse to pharmacies, without altering carriers' daily conventional tasks. The intelligent van understands its environment, taking into account its location, the assets and the predefined delivery route; with the capability of reporting incidences to carriers in case of failure according to the established distribution plan. It is a non-intrusive solution which represents a successful experience of using smart environments and an optimized Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) embedded system in a viable way to resolve a real industrial need in the pharmaceutical industry. The combination of deterministic modeling of the indoor vehicle, the implementation of an ad-hoc radiating element and an agile software platform within an overall system architecture leads to a competitive, flexible and scalable solution.
Open Access
Comportamiento de propagacion electromagnetica en el apilamiento de agujeros sublambda y agujeros propagantes
(2009) Navarro Cía, Miguel; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Campillo, Igor; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, we provide more insight on the physics underlying the transmission through subwavelength hole arrays metaprism by comparing it with propagating hole arrays prism. We show the critical role that the size of the holes plays in this electromagnetic propagation, changing the effective index of refraction from negative to positive values as the hole diameter increases. This causes negative refraction for the zero-th order emerging beam in the metaprism whereas positive refraction in the non-cut-off holes prism. Experimental results (co- and cross-polar measurements) performed at the V-band of the millimeter waves in the Fresnel zone are well supported by numerical analyses in terms of dispersion diagram, spatial electric field distribution and power flow within the prism along with in the output air zone. As expected, higher order diffracted outgoing beams are recorded for the classical prism but not for the metaprism.
Open Access
Evaluation of the Brillouin precursor performance for ultra wide band intra-body technologies
(Taylor&Francis, 2013) Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Dawood, Muhammad; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this letter, we describe the formation and the evolution of Brillouin precursorfields through human tissues by using a frequency-domain analysis technique and amulti-pole Cole–Cole model to characterize the dielectric properties of the humanbody tissues, in a frequency band designated by the FCC for ultra wide bandmedical applications, which extends from 0.5 to 20 GHz. A 3D representation of thehuman body model has been implemented by employing a discretized mesh ofcuboids with a resolution of 8 mm3in which the frequency dispersive materialparameters for different tissues have been considered. The dispersive propagation isanalyzed for the purposes of radar imaging and intra-body communications. The per-formance of a classical rectangular pulse, a Brillouin pulse and a medium-matchedwaveform is described. The results show the potential application of this type ofcommunication scheme in order to improve the achievable measurement range andprovide better signal to noise ratios.