Aginaga García, Jokin
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Aginaga García
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Jokin
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Ingeniería
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access Impact of strain gauge misalignment and model parameters on load estimation in wind turbines(Elsevier, 2026-01-15) Bacaicoa Díaz, Julen; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Aginaga García, Jokin; Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaAccurate load estimation in wind turbines is important for understanding the structural behaviour and optimising performance. Loads are commonly measured using strain gauges, but the process is strongly based on accurate placement and alignment. This work explores the influence of geometric, material, misplacement, and misalignment parameters on the performance of different strain gauge configurations for obtaining load estimates. An analytical model for a single gauge is presented which establishes the relationship between exerted loads and measured strain. Using second-order approximations, the sensitivities of the estimated loads are calculated in terms of the uncertainty of the model parameters. The model allows to calculate how the secondary loads affect the estimation of those of interest, which is particularly useful in wind turbines where all three forces and three moments occur simultaneously. When estimating a single load, analytic results show that sensitivities to geometric and material parameters remain consistent regardless of secondary loads, while sensitivities to gauge bonding parameters reveal a cross-talk effect. As these sensitivity results depend on the model parameters and the instantaneous values of the secondary loads (which vary with time) the sensitivities will strongly depend on the application cases. In this paper a horizontal-axis wind turbine is simulated, calculating the loads at the Low Speed Shaft and the Tower Base. The sensitivity results for these subsystems using Montecarlo simulations show that while some loads can be precisely estimated, other loads will be very poorly estimated even when the gauges are bonded with tiny misalignment errors.Publication Open Access Mechanical sensitivity analysis of strain gauge configurations in the main shaft of wind turbines(IOP Publishing, 2022) Bacaicoa Díaz, Julen; Iriarte Goñi, Xabier; Aginaga García, Jokin; Plaza Puértolas, Aitor; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenieríaWind turbines are reaching their remaining useful life, thus it is important to guarantee the well status of its components. A common way to check the status is to measure the loads on the Low Speed Shaft with strain gauges, but not always are bonded perfectly. In this work a sensitivity analysis of strain gauge con gurations is carried out, where the infuence of geometric and material parameters, and misplacement and misalignment parameters is analyzed. An analytical model for a single gauge was developed, obtaining a relation between the exerted loads and the strain measured by the strain gauge. By means of Taylor approximations the estimated loads were approached in order to have into account the in uence of the uncertainty of parameters. Results shown that the sensitivities with respect to the geometric and material parameters did not depend on the secondary loads while in the sensitivities with respect to the gauge bonding parameters the cross-talk e ect was present. In order to obtain realistic numerical results, a horizontal-axis NREL 5-MW wind turbine was simulated in OpenFAST with two wind-speed scenarios. The uncertainty of the estimated loads by the strain gauge con gurations was calculated.