Sagüés García, Mikel
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Sagüés García
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Mikel
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access Distributed strain sensing with large dynamic range based on two-wavelength phase-sensitive OTDR(Optica Publishing Group, 2020) Piñeiro Ben, Enrique; Sagüés García, Mikel; Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Eyal, Avishay; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenWe demonstrate the use of two-wavelengths to enhance the dynamic range in phase-sensitive OTDR vibration sensors. The system overcomes the phase wrapping con- strains by the synthesis of an equivalent wavelength measurement.Publication Open Access Phase noise effects on phase-sensitive OTDR sensors using optical pulse compression(IEEE, 2021) Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Sagüés García, Mikel; Eyal, Avishay; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónWe introduce a detailed theoretical, numerical, and experimental study of the effects of laser's phase noise on the performance of phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (-OTDR) sensors that use optical pulse compression (OPC). Pulse compression is a technique that can be used to improve the received signal amplitude by increasing the effective energy of the pulses that are launched into the fiber without degrading the spatial resolution of the measurements. Therefore, it is a valuable tool to extend the range of these sensors and mitigate fiber attenuation constraints. However, it has been observed that the limited coherence of the laser source has a degrading effect on the actual performance enhancement that this method can provide. Here, we derive a theoretical model that can be used to quantify this degradation for any type of OPC such as those based on either linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulses or perfect periodic autocorrelation (PPA) bipolar bit sequences. The model facilitates numerical estimation of the sensitivity of the -OTDR measurements. It also produces theoretical expressions for the mean and the variance of the phase-noise perturbed backscatter response. These results are validated via numerical simulations and experiments in -OTDR setups using LFM as well as PPA OPC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of the model to investigate the basic trade-offs involved in the design of OPC -OTDR systems.Publication Open Access Two-wavelength phase-sensitive OTDR sensor using perfect periodic correlation codes for measurement range enhancement, noise reduction and fading compensation(Optica, 2021) Sagüés García, Mikel; Piñeiro Ben, Enrique; Cerri, Enis; Minardo, Aldo; Eyal, Avishay; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenWe demonstrate a two-wavelength differential-phase-measuring OTDR sensor that uses perfect periodic correlation phase codes to enhance the measurement performance. The two-wavelength technique extends the measurement range of OTDR sensors by synthesizing a virtual longer-wavelength measurement from two simultaneous measurements of phase using different lasers. This increases the range free from phase unwrapping errors. However, we find that the application of this technique greatly increases the relative measurement noise. To compensate for this issue, we introduce the use of optical pulse compression using perfect periodic correlation phase codes to increase the measurement signal-to-noise ratio and also to facilitate the simultaneous compensation of Rayleigh and polarization fading. In addition, we apply a method to further reduce the relative noise that is added to the two-wavelength measurement by using the synthetic wavelength measurement to unwrap the differential phase measured with a single wavelength. All this is highlighted in a 1-km sensing link in which up to 20-cm spatial resolution and 12.6 𝑝���𝜖���/𝐻���𝑧���−−−√ strain sensitivity are demonstrated as well as a 67-fold enhancement in measurement range compared with the use of the conventional single-wavelength method.Publication Open Access Compensation of phase-noise in pulse-compression phase-sensitive OTDR sensors(Optica Publishing Group, 2022) Piñeiro Ben, Enrique; Sagüés García, Mikel; Eyal, Avishay; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenWe introduce a technique to compensate the performance impairments due to the laser phase noise in long-range pulse-compression DAS sensors. Experiments demonstrate the use of the longest duration pulse compression waveform to date.