Open Access
Adapting wine grape production to climate change through canopy architecture manipulation and irrigation in warm climates
(Frontiers Media, 2022) Yu, Runze; Torres Molina, Nazareth; Tanner, Justin D.; Kacur, Sean M.; Marigliano, Lauren E.; Zumkeller, María; Gilmer, Joseph Chris; Gambetta, Gregory A.; Kurtural, Sahap Kaan; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Grape growing regions are facing constant warming of the growing season temperature as well as limitations on ground water pumping used for irrigating to overcome water deficits. Trellis systems are utilized to optimize grapevine production, physiology, and berry chemistry. This study aimed to compare 6 trellis systems with 3 levels of applied water amounts based on different replacements of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in two consecutive seasons. The treatments included a vertical shoot position (VSP), two modified VSPs (VSP60 and VSP80), a single high wire (SH), a high quadrilateral (HQ), and a Guyot pruned VSP (GY) combined with 25%, 50%, and 100% ETc water replacement. The SH had greater yields, whereas HQ was slower to reach full production potential. At harvest in both years, the accumulation of anthocyanin derivatives was enhanced in SH, whereas VSPs decreased them. As crown porosity increased (mostly VSPs), berry flavonol concentration and likewise molar % of quercetin in berries increased. Conversely, as leaf area increased, total flavonol concentration and molar % of quercetin decreased, indicating a preferential arrangement of leaf area along the canopy for overexposure of grape berry with VSP types. The irrigation treatments revealed linear trends for components of yield, where greater applied water resulted in larger berry size and likewise greater yield. 25% ETc was able to increase berry anthocyanin and flavonol concentrations. Overall, this study evidenced the efficiency of trellis systems for optimizing production and berry composition in Californian climate, also, the feasibility of using flavonols as the indicator of canopy architecture.
Open Access
Shifts in phenolic composition and aromatic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon (vitis vinifera L.) wines are driven by different irrigation amounts in a hot climate
(Elsevier, 2021) Torres Molina, Nazareth; Yu, Runze; Martínez-Lüscher, Johann; Girardello, Raul C.; Kostaki, Evmorfia; Oberholster, Anita; Kurtural, Sahap Kaan; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Wine final color, taste and aroma are closely related to the accumulation of secondary metabolites that may be affected by deficit irrigation applied in viticulture. A two-year study was conducted to assess the different fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) irrigation replacement on wine composition, addressing the analysis of flavonoids and volatiles under context of global warming. Irrigating with 100% ETc (full grapevine demand) enhanced wine hue, antioxidant capacity, and some aromas; however, it came with a diminution of flavonoids and a less stable flavonoid profile. Replacing 25 and 50% ETc in wine grape improved wine color intensity, concentration of flavonoids, and shifted the aromatic profiles. These treatments increased some terpenes and esters which may enhance the desirable aromas for Cabernet Sauvignon, and decreased C6 alcohols related to unpleasant ones. Therefore, despite the warming trends in Mediterranean climates, 100% ETc irrigation would be not advisable to improve or maintain wine quality, and 50% ETc was sufficient.

Torres Molina, Nazareth

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