Open Access
Play, game, and videogame: the metamorphosis of play
(MDPI, 2018) Gil Gimeno, Francisco Javier; Sánchez Capdequí, Celso; Beriain Rázquin, Josetxo; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
The question, the Fragestellung, which drives this paper is, can football video-games be analyzed from a religious perspective? We can answer positively, at least, provisionally. First, in order to demonstrate our approach, we will take into account the different conceptions on play drawn along sociological theories. Second, we will analyze Francis M. Cornford’s contribution to the already forgotten but essential work by Jane Ellen Harrison, Themis: The Social Origins of the Greek Religion, in which he established an elective affinity between the origin of the Olympic Games and the annual ritual dedicated to the Daimon-God Dionysus, in which he was elected the best Kouros (Young hero-King) of the year. At the very beginning, play, ritual, and competitive games (helped by self-reflexivity as well as collective reflexivity) were united, and that constellation is still there in modern times with the creation of modern sport. Third, in modern advanced societies the football game-sport creates meaning, and succeeded throughout two main processes such as the sportification and progressive rationalization of violence. Fourth, we built an ideal type of two competing strategies, in which created a new type of hero, the sports hero, the modern celebrity. Finally, fifth, we analyze how in our digitalized societies the football videogames are a sort of play on the play of which comes out a religious transcendence associated with it, 'Throughout the videogame I become myself in my idol'. We explain this comparing two ideal types, the Dionysian-Messi versus the Apollonian-Ronaldo.
Open Access
Variedades de transcendencia y los perímetros de creatividad
(Los libros de la Catarata, 2022) Beriain Rázquin, Josetxo; Sánchez Capdequí, Celso; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
En este momento, la sociedad se hunde en conflictos particularistas y en experiencias de singularidad individual en las que los compromisos planetarios se ignoran o, sencillamente, se apartan de la agenda social. La complejidad de acuerdos transnacionales, la necesidad de tiempos de largo recorrido, la depuración cognitiva y reflexiva ajena a la espontaneidad turbia de las redes sociales, en definitiva, la lucidez con respecto a trascendencias cuyo perímetro excede los marcos locales de la experiencia, reclaman la creación de universalismos concretos. Alejados de los universalismos etnocéntricos que fueron igualmente producto de la inventiva humana, aquellos exigen una generalización de los valores de los que hablaba Talcott Parsons, es decir, esfuerzos de entendimiento y acercamiento simbólico que desborden la inmediatez de los calambrazos afectivos de escaso recorrido y generen espacios de encuentro en ámbitos de lo universal. Al mismo tiempo, exigen experiencias de autotrascendencia simbólica en la que los actores proyecten modelos utópicos de sociedad que iluminen propuestas alternativas a la realidad existente. Las trascendencias grandes e intermedias quedan pendientes de ser transitadas por la creatividad contemporánea. No en vano, el origen de los problemas actuales radica en que un tipo de trascendencia prevalece moldeando el tipo de creatividad a costa de ocultar otros planos de relevancia y desatendiéndolos como si no existieran. El tratamiento de estos requiere la recuperación de facultades, narrativas y recursos expresivos que escapan a la inmediatez episódica que en nuestra sociedad lo abarca todo.
Open Access
Sociological genealogy of a non-teleological concept of evolution
(Frontiers Media, 2024) Beriain Rázquin, Josetxo; Gil Gimeno, Francisco Javier; Sánchez Capdequí, Celso; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
The aim of this article is to carry out a sociological-conceptual genealogy of the evolutionist perspective (non-teleological) of approaching social reality. While during the first phases of modernity, a teleological and progressive conception of evolution was imposed, clearly manifested in the proposals of Auguste Comte or Herbert Spencer, in the last decades important bifurcations, processes, and developments have emerged that question the linearity and the finalist character of these positions. We consider that these approaches are closer to the nature of change and social phenomena, so it seems important to us to analyze some of the most outstanding contributions—in the form of sociological genealogy, as we have already mentioned—that have developed this perspective. In order to carry out our task, we have organized four sections: In the first, we make a critique of the sociological evolutionism represented by Comte, Spencer, and Parsons, focusing on the limits of their proposals and the blind spots associated with them. Second, we will analyze the anti-teleological cognitive approaches of Donald and the importance they attach to cultural transmission as a key element for understanding the evolution of both cognition and human societies. In a third moment, we will analyze the coexistence in Weber’s work between the dynamics of ‘disenchantment’ and ‘re-enchantment’ of the world in modern societies, understood as the two sides of the same coin that are in constant dynamic tension and that break with the evolutionary vision that goes from magic through religion to science, or from belief to knowledge. In a fourth moment, we analyze the relevance of approaches focused on what we have called ‘multiple evolutions’ (plural) that collide with each other—the conflicting simultaneity of the non-simultaneous—of their rhythms and directions, inspired by the works of Knöbl, Koselleck, Luhmann, Rosa, Eisenstadt, Abbott, and Zerubavel, which pave the way for the construction of a non-teleological approach to evolution.
Open Access
Creativity, transcendence, and social constellations
(SAGE, 2023-08-13) Sánchez Capdequí, Celso; Beriain Rázquin, Josetxo; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
Como sucede en la propia noción de creatividad social que se presenta objetivada en diferentes figuras a lo largo del tiempo, de la misma manera los tipos de trascendencia -como condición de posibilidad de la creatividad- cambian a lo largo del tiempo. Vamos a analizar cuatro constelaciones socio-históricas del binomio creatividad-trascendencia: La primera de ellas es la representada por una estructura mítico-ritual encarnada por el Homo Sapiens en las culturas primitivas; la segunda de ellas es la que surge hace 500 a.C. con la "revolución axial" en China, India, Irán, Palestina y Grecia apoyada por nuevos portadores de acción creativa; la tercera de ellas se configura al inicio de la modernidad en el siglo XVIII, con la Reforma Protestante e inmediatamente después con la Ilustración y el Romanticismo, apoyados por nuevos portadores de acción creativa; la cuarta constelación de creatividad-trascendencia emerge en la actualidad con la convergencia de tecnologías -nanotecnología, biotecnología, Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial- donde se altera el sentido de la naturaleza humana como vector dentro de una colectividad cognitiva híbrida formada por humanos y cosas.

Sánchez Capdequí, Celso

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