Open Access
Beyond the headlines: understanding the organizational dynamics of sector-specific sexual harassment
(Emerald, 2024-12-03) Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Ollo López, Andrea; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Purpose – Sexual harassment, a global concern, varies in prevalence across sectors. This article analyzes in detail the higher prevalence of harassment in these sectors. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on data from a representative sample of European workers and using the inductive method, we posit four propositions regarding the organizational dynamics in four different sector-specific scenarios. Findings – Contrary to perception, our research finds no conclusive evidence supporting a higher prevalence of sexual harassment within the armed forces. Economic and labor conditions drive sexual harassment in the entertainment industry, while the hospitality and non-profit sectors exhibit an elevated incidence potentially attributed to environmental factors. The healthcare industry presents a concerning scenario, with heightened prevalence due solely to organizational. Originality/value – The originality of the paperis in its focus on how external and environmental factors, rather than just internal organizational mechanisms, contribute to sector-specific dynamics of sexual harassment. This approach provides deeper insights for developing tailored interventions and prevention strategies across different sectors.
Open Access
Sexual harassment in non-profit organizations: organizational dysfunctions or harasser's behavior?
(Academy of Management, 2021) Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Ollo López, Andrea; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
In 2018, the media spotlight fell on several high-profile non-profit organizations (NPOs) in connection with sexual harassment (SH). Since then, a flood of SH cases has severely impacted the image and reputation of the non-profit sector. NPOs have been accused of attempting to cover up SH and, in some cases, of leniency towards the harassers. However, these claims have not been rigorously investigated. In this paper, we study the role and behavior of harassers and argue that they may target organizations operating in the nonprofit sector owing to specific conditions that enable them to avoid detection and punishment. We argue that an environment advantageous to those who perpetrate harassment is created by several exogenous (non-organizational) factors, such as the vulnerability of aid recipients, the lack of legal protection of volunteers, and, in some cases, the cultural tolerance of discrimination against women. From this novel perspective, traditional anti-SH policies that focus on reacting to harassment and supporting the victim are viewed as necessary—but insufficient—approaches to the problem. We therefore propose a series of complementary policies that enable NPOs to adapt their operational environments in order to curb SH.
Open Access
Presenteeism as a moral hazard problem: implications for the human resource management
(Cambridge University Press, 2023-02-01) Ollo López, Andrea; Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Information asymmetry about the employee's state of health means that workers may decide to work (or not) when they are sick, which turns presenteeism into a principal-agent relationship. From this new perspective, presenteeism can be explained by some distinct and original factors such as implicit incentives related to motivation and a sense of autonomy (empowerment, job usefulness, and recognition) and explicit incentives given by wages and other non-economic benefits (training and career prospects). In a sample of European workers using multilevel (by country) Tobit models, we find that short-term incentives and workers' empowerment increase presenteeism, while long-term incentives reduce it. As expected, supervision is ineffective in controlling presenteeism, while relationships based on trust have a positive impact. Finally, we propose several practices related to incentives, training, monitoring, occupational health and safety and job design specifically intended to manage presenteeism and its consequences in six areas of the human resources function.
Open Access
Home-based telework and job stress: the mediation effect of work extension
(Emerald, 2023) Goñi Legaz, Salomé; Núñez Aldaz, Imanol; Ollo López, Andrea; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate how home-based telework (HBT) affects job stress. The authors argue that an intrinsic effect of telework like work extension mediates this relationship. Work extension is reflected in two employee behaviours: working in free time and presentism. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed model has been estimated using the Preacher and Hayes bootstrap method for multiple mediation analysis, with 1,000 repetitions. The data used come from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey. Findings: The analysis indicates that HBT does not pose an inherent risk for job stress but causes a change in the employees' behaviour, increasing working in free time and presenteeism and thus job stress. The mediation model indicates that once these behaviours are controlled, the effect of HBT is to reduce stress. Research limitations/implications: The authors argue that companies should focus on human resource practices to control workers' behaviours that have a detrimental effect on job stress while institutions should regulate HBT. Originality/value: The analysis deepens the unclear relationship between HBT and job stress by introducing employees' behaviours concerning work extension into the equation.

Ollo López, Andrea

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