Open Access
Actividad física y salud autopercibida en personas mayores de 50 años
(Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 2017) Lera López, Fernando; Garrués Irisarri, Mirian; Ollo López, Andrea; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez-Santos, José Manuel; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
El propósito del estudio es analizar los posibles efectos de la actividad física sobre la salud autopercibida. Para ello, se encuestó a 765 personas entre 50-70 años durante 2012 en España. Se utilizó el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ) para estimar el equivalente metabólico de la tarea (MET) total y en cuatro ámbitos: trabajo, ocio, hogar y desplazamientos. La salud auto-percibida se obtuvo de la escala visual analógica del EQ-5D-5L. Los resultados muestran que únicamente el gasto energético de actividad física en el tiempo de ocio incide positivamente en el nivel de salud percibido, el resto de ámbitos no tienen influencia significativa. Asimismo, la autopercepción de la salud es más negativa con mayor edad, menor nivel educativo y mayor frecuencia de uso de servicios sanitarios. En conclusión, la actividad física desarrollada en el tiempo libre podría plantearse como alternativa para mejorar la calidad de vida de los mayores.
Open Access
How the relationship between physical activity and health changes with age
(Springer, 2018-03-28) Lera López, Fernando; Ollo López, Andrea; Garrués Irisarri, Mirian; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
In the context of age-related declines in physical activity (PA) and the dramatic increase in ageing populations in many countries, this paper sheds further light on the link between PA and self-perceived health (SPH) by examining whether the magnitude of this relationship is age specific. With a sample of 14,456 Spanish individuals aged 18–69, we estimated three levels of intensity in PA using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who did more PA per week showed higher levels of SPH (β = 0.28; 95% CI 0.24–0.32), and age moderated this relationship, with a positive effect over age 49. People aged 50–59 and 60–69 who practiced PA had higher probabilities of better SPH compared with those aged 40–49 (β = 0.14; 95% CI 0.04–0.24) and (β = 0.32; 95% CI 0.21–0.43), respectively. This association between PA and SPH also depended on the intensity of PA, especially for walking (β = 0.14; 95% CI 0.04–0.24). In particular, in comparison with people age 40–49, a statistically significant relationship with SPH was found among people age 50–59 who walked (β = 0.22; 95% CI 0.07–0.36) and people age 60–69 who did moderate PA (β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.23–0.54). This paper provides a major rationale for the design, organisation and implementation of public policies promoting PA and healthy ageing for different age groups.
Open Access
Cost effectiveness analysis of the surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence using slings
(2013) Montesino Semper, Manuel F.; Jiménez Calvo, Jesús M.; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Hualde Alfaro, Antonio; García García, Diego; Economía; Ekonomia
Objective. To determine the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of the surgical treatment of female urinary incontinence using suburethral slings compared with therapeutic abstention. Study Design. An economic analysis was performed on 69 women receiving surgical treatment for urinary incontinence using suburethral slings. To calculate the procedure´s cost-effectiveness, an incremental analysis up to 1 year was performed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The costs were calculated using a cost-by-process model. Answers to the health-related quality of life questionnaires EQ-5D (generic) and International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-form (specific) were collected before the operation and as well as 1 month and 1 year post-operation to calculate the utility, using quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and the effectiveness, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was performed by calculating the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) at 5 years post-operation. To complete the economic evaluation, we derived confidence ellipses and acceptability curves. The analysis was conducted for the entire sample and also for each type of urinary incontinence. Results. In total, 45 women presented with stress incontinence, 15 with mixed incontinence and 9 with incontinence associated with prolapse. The average cost per patient at 1 year post-operation was 1,220 €. The QALY achieved at 1 year was 0.046. The results reveal an ICER at 1 year of 26,288 €/QALY, which is below the cost-effectiveness threshold considered acceptable, and this value was lower for stress incontinence (21,191 €/QALY). To achieve greater temporal perspective, we examined the ICER at 5 years, which was 10,141 €/QALY, demonstrating that the programme is clearly efficient. The cost-effectiveness was 106.5 €/ International Consultation Incontinence Questionnaire Short-form unit. Conclusion. Surgery for female urinary incontinence using slings is cost-effective compared with abstention in our public health environment.
Open Access
EQIS 1.0 user guide
(2011) Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Errea Rodríguez, María; Economía; Ekonomia
Where is QALY? The search of values for QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years) in the field of Health Economics is not easy. Economic Evaluations, particularly cost-utility analysis, should be of standard practice, but the tools to implement them are rare and require of specific expertise. In many occasions, colleagues approached to us to ask for measures of effectiveness that are used, and show interest in how to obtain it. Such a motivation has led us to generate EQIS 1.0, the friendly software that allows calculating Health Related Quality of Life weights. The following pages introduce EQIS 1.0, and are thought for a quick start using the software. Please do not hesitate to contact the authors for comments, suggestions or any problem you find in the program.
Open Access
Valuing health using EQ-5D: the impact of chronic diseases on the stock of health
(Wiley, 2019) Sánchez Iriso, Eduardo; Errea Rodríguez, María; Cabasés Hita, Juan Manuel; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
Chronic diseases strongly affect individuals' health status. In aggregate terms, this impact is reflected by the stock of health, which measures the amount of health of a population in a given period of time. The objectives of this study were to measure the relative burden of chronic illnesses by assessing health-related quality of life using the EQ-5D-5L instrument, to rank diseases according to their associations with the stock of health, and to calculate the stock of health of the Spanish population and the amount of health loss attributable to each chronic disease from a social perspective. Data were gathered from the Spanish Health Survey (ENSE 2011–2012, N = 20,587). A population weighted least squares model was used. Chronic diseases represent 19.19% of the stock of health losses in Spain compared with a country free from those diseases. In Spain, the stock of health in 2011 was 31.86 million units on the visual analog scale. The diseases with the strongest impact in terms of loss of stock of health at the individual level were mental illness and embolism, stroke, or cerebral hemorrhage. Collectively, the diseases with the largest impact included osteoarthritis, arthritis, or rheumatism; chronic back pain; and high blood pressure.