Open Access
Linear uncertain modelling of LIDAR systems for robust wind turbine control design
(Elsevier, 2023) Miquélez Madariaga, Irene; Lizarraga Zubeldia, Idoia; Díaz de Corcuera Martínez, Asier; Elso Torralba, Jorge; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors measure the free wind ahead of the rotor, enabling the use of new feedforward control strategies. However, there exist some sources of error inherent to the measuring process that should be considered during the design of LIDAR-based controllers. Typically, the coherence function is used for that purpose, but it is not compatible with some robust design methodologies. This paper presents an analytic relation between the coherence function and a non-parametric uncertainty model of LIDAR sensors, suitable for the design of controllers via 𝜇-synthesis or Quantitative Feedback Theory. Such a relation is applied to a realistic LIDAR simulator. First, the linear non-parametric uncertainty model is identified using simulation data obtained from the well-known NREL 5 MW wind turbine. Then, it is validated against the coherence model by comparing linear predictions of the simulation outputs.
Open Access
Lidar-based feedforward control design methodology for tower load alleviation in wind turbines
(John Wiley & Sons, 2022) Miquélez Madariaga, Irene; Lizarraga Zubeldia, Idoia; Díaz de Corcuera Martínez, Asier; Elso Torralba, Jorge; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza
Minimising tower loads is a key issue for the optimal operation and cost-effective design of wind turbines. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technologies enable the measurement of free wind ahead of the rotor and the addition of new feedforward controllers to the traditional control loops, improving the performance in terms of generator speed regulation and load reduction. This paper presents a design procedure based on plant inversion at a set of key frequencies. Tower base longitudinal bending moment is considered the main output of the system. Although the minimisation of tower base loads is the main objective of the design, good results are obtained in terms of generator speed regulation and pitch actuation as well. The methodology has been tested in the well-known NREL 5MW wind turbine. Results have been obtained for different LIDAR configurations in order to quantify the loss of performance due to measurement errors. In all cases, the feedforward control behaves better than the baseline case.
Open Access
A review of digital twinning applications for floating offshore wind turbines: insights, innovations, and implementation
(MDPI, 2025-06-26) Taze, Ibrahim Engin; Hoda, Md Armanul; Miquélez Madariaga, Irene; Maddaloni, Payton; Azam, Saeed Eftekhar; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the digital twinning of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). In this study, the digital twin (DT) is defined as a dynamic virtual model that accurately mirrors a physical system throughout its lifecycle, continuously updated with real-time data and use simulations, machine learning, and analytics to support informed decision-making. The recent advancements and major issues have been introduced, which need to be addressed before realizing a FOWT DT that can be effectively used for life extension and operation and maintenance planning. This review synthesizes relevant literature reviews focused on modeling FOWT and its specific components along with the latest research. It specifically focuses on the structural, mechanical, and energy production components of FOWTs within the DT framework. The state of the art DT for FOWT, or large scale operational civil and energy infrastructure, is not yet matured to perform real-time update of digital replicas of these systems. The main barriers include real-time coupled modeling with high fidelity, the design of sensor networks, and optimization methods that synergize the sensor data and simulations to calibrate the model. Based on the literature survey provided in this paper, one of the main barriers is uncertainty associated with the external loads applied to FOWT. In this review paper, a robust method for inverse analysis in the absence of load information has been introduced and validated by using simulated experiments. Furthermore, the regulatory requirements have been provided for FOWT life extension and the potential of DT in achieving that.

Miquélez Madariaga, Irene

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