Open Access
Discussão sobre o aborto: análise sob a luz dos aspectos jurídicos e bioéticos no cenário brasileiro
(EUROPUB Publicaciones Europeas, 2023-04-13) Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Neto, Mário Furlaneto; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
The purpose of this article is to address the introductory aspects of abortion in Brazil, from a legal and bioethical point of view, especially with regard to the dignity of the human person and the principle of autonomy. Thus, the difficulty, in the Brazilianfield, of approaching or continuing the analysis and reanalysis of themes linked to abortion is questioned, as well as the appropriate means for expanding and changing the norm on the subject, that is, whether it would be through the intervention of the judiciary or if it would be through the legislating power. In this dimension, we seek, through the hypothetical deductive method, from a bibliographical and legislative review,to address abortion in cases of anencephaly and the socio-legal repercussions of this modality. Thus, the objective is to analyze the collision of fundamental rights, which involve both the rights of the pregnant woman and the fetus and how the collision of fundamental principles implies the adoption of legal measures by the Legislative Power and, subsidiarily by the Judiciary, to weigh the interests involved. In thisway, it is concluded that while the interruption of pregnancy is not the object of a specific law that regulates it, decriminalizes it and makes its practice possible, within medical and legal parameters, it will be up to the Public Power, more specifically the Judiciary, to weigh fundamental principles and rights that permeate the discussion on abortion.
Open Access
Princípio da alteridade: cooperação e interdisciplinaridade no direito ambiental
(Universidade de Lisboa, 2023) Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Bertoncini, Carla; Cardoso, Abkeyla Pessoa; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
Under the guise of environmental law, this article proposes to highlight the environmental problems that are increasingly present, which arise from non-compliance with the Brazilian constitutional precept, as well as with the instruments of international protection. The objective of the study was to analyze how the legal system has treated and provided protection to the environment, in view of the principle of alterity employed by Lévinas, from the perspective of the other and the need to think of the environment as a transgenerational asset, in addition to , it analyzes the need to reflect the care of the common house, prescribed by Laudato si, encyclical letter of the Holy Pope Francis. Thus, starting from the review of bibliographical and legislative research, the hypothetical-deductive method was used. Indeed, it was demonstrated that the need to exercise otherness is urgent, and, undoubtedly, the current capitalist system must be directly confronted, because, due to the culture of selfishness, of “having” without responsability, it is already possible to observe the beginning the scarcity of natural resources that are essential to life and especially to human life.
Open Access
Sustentabilidade: proteção do sujeito pelo emprego principialista da bioética na inteligência artificial
(Universidade de Brasília, 2023-08-30) Stipp, Luna; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
The global appeal for sustainable development permeates the analysis of issues involving innovation. This must be able to guarantee security to users so that they can enjoy peace and prosperity, in this aspect this article, by using the hypothetical deductive method, verified the existence of a problem portrayed in the formulation of the following question: how to establish a sustainable dialogue for the safe construction of artificial intelligence to the subjects of the connected society? Therefore, we sought to clarify the concept of artificial intelligence and its respective functions, as well as the confrontation of bioethical principles, autonomy, beneficence, justice and ubiquity, tracing a fruitful dialogue between them to enable the use of this innovation. It was concluded that the safe and prosperous construction of this innovation can take place with the same bases used in bioethics, mainly with the ethics of responsibility developed by Hans Jonas.
Open Access
Desafios da sexagem no diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional: limites da autonomia, diversidade e identidade na perspectiva bioética e legal
(Universidade de Fortaleza (Brasil), 2023-12-18) Neto, Mário Furlaneto; Bertoncini, Carla; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Este estudio tiene como objetivo discutir la utilización de la reproducción humana asistida (RHA), con un enfoque específico en el diagnóstico genético preimplantacional (DGPI). Los objetivos principales son investigar los avances tecnológicos que han permitido la identificación no solo de posibles enfermedades en descendientes, sino también del sexo del embrión. Además, se busca analizar, a través de un enfoque deductivo, el escenario ético que rodea la aplicación de esta técnica en el contexto brasileño. Para lograr los objetivos propuestos, se adoptó una metodología basada en revisión bibliográfica y análisis legislativo. A través de un extenso relevamiento de literatura científica, se recopilaron datos y perspectivas relevantes sobre el DGPI, sus aplicaciones e implicaciones éticas. Además, se llevó a cabo un análisis de las normas legales y regulatorias pertinentes en el contexto brasileño. El análisis reveló que el DGPI presenta un doble potencial: la identificación de enfermedades genéticas hereditarias y la determinación del sexo del embrión. Sin embargo, esta última aplicación plantea cuestiones éticas, especialmente a la luz de la cultura consumista e inmediatista. La discusión en torno a la autonomía individual en relación con esta técnica es fundamental, resaltando la posible amenaza a la libertad de identificación de género y el riesgo de sesgo poblacional. Basándonos en los resultados obtenidos, es evidente que existe una brecha regulatoria significativa en relación con los límites del uso del DGPI. Si bien su aplicación con fines terapéuticos cuenta con respaldo ético-legal, la determinación del sexo del embrión sin justificación genética preventiva plantea serias preocupaciones. Esta práctica puede comprometer la autonomía, fomentar un control poblacional no deseado y amenazar la diversidad, la identidad y la dignidad humanas.
Open Access
Herança digital: um estudo comparado entre a regulamentação do Brasil e da Espanha
(EUROPUB Publicaciones Europeas, 2023-05-15) Laraya, Larissa Benez; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
This article, through comparative law, aims to analyze how the transfer of digital heritage occurs in the Brazilian and Spanish context. This is because, with technological advances, the need for legislation to follow such changes, establishing rules, meeting new demands, is evident. Indeed, legislation must respect constitutional guarantees, such as the privacy, intimacy and image of the deceased, in addition to the legal guarantees of internet and application providers. Thus, based on the deductive methodology, bibliographical and jurisprudential research was adopted, with a critical reading of works relevant to the research object. Concluding, in this way, that although there is still no regulation on the subject in the Brazilian scenario, there are movements that point in this direction, while, on the other hand, the Spanish legislation, through the Organic Law of Data Protection and Guarantees of Rights Digital, standardized the matter, with rules directly related to digital heritage, demonstrating that it is reasonably advanced in comparison to the new digital discussions in the Brazilian scenario.
Open Access
O uso do big data analytics no marketing jurídico digital
(Editora Contemporânea, 2023-05-04) Neto, Mário Furlaneto; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Montanari, Lucas da Silva; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
This article discusses the useof Big Data as a means of disseminating information regarding legal marketing, becoming a means for lawyers and law firms to communicate with society, strengthening their participation in the digital world. However, the question is: how should legal marketing work? How can data be defined and directed about the market and consumers of this content? joins this: is the use of Big Data allowed? Thus, through the hypothetical deductive method, based on a doctrinal, legislative and bibliographical review, we sought to bring up the concept of big data, marketing, mainly legal, exploring advertising, as well as the legal parameters for that, examining the provision n.205/2021 of the Brazilian Bar Association. Indeed, the results of this study show the progress in advocacy practices and how the professional is adapting to new realities, as well as the new demands of the market equire and drive the modification, alteration and expansion of laws.
Open Access
Derecho ambiental: interconectividad y reflexión desde Lévinas
(Dom Helder, 2024) Bertoncini, Carla; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
El objetivo general de este artículo desde la perspectiva del derecho ambiental es resal-tar los problemas ambientales cada vez más presentes en Brasil, que surgen como consecuencia del incumplimiento de las disposi-ciones constitucionales brasileñas y de los instrumentos de protección internacional. El propósito de la investigación consistió en examinar cómo el sistema legal brasileño ha tratado y brindado protección al medio ambiente desde la perspectiva del principio de alteridad propuesto por Lévinas, en que se considera fundamental la importancia de reconocer el medio ambiente como un recurso transgeneracional. Además, se pretende examinar la imperativa reflexión sobre la preservación de ‘nuestra casa común’, tal como lo plantea Laudato Si, la carta encíclica del Santo Papa Francisco. Con el fin de alcanzar tal objetivo, se realizó una revisión de investigaciones bibliográficas y legislación, aplicando el enfoque del méto-do hipotético-deductivo. Como resultado, se demuestra de manera concluyente la urgente necesidad de poner en práctica la alteridad. Sin lugar a dudas, se llega a la deducción de que el actual sistema capitalista debe ser afrontado directamente, dado que, debido a la cultura del egoísmo y la falta de responsabilidad, ya es posible observar el inicio de la escasez de los recursos naturales que son indispensables para la vida, especialmente para la vida humana.
Open Access
Avanços tecnológicos no contexto brasileiro: considerações éticas e jurídicas do uso da IA na fertilização in vitro
(IJ Editores, 2023-10-04) Neto, Mário Furlaneto; Leão Júnior, Teófilo Marcelo de Arêa; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
In recent years, technological advances in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have shown significant potential for improving medical practices, including in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the Brazilian context, this emerging application of AI in embryo selection and fertilization processes raises complex ethical and legal issues. Thus, through a bibliographic review and document analysis, using the hypothetical-deductive method, this article aims to investigate the impact of the use of AI in IVF in the Brazilian scenario, with a specific focus on ethical considerations related to privacy, security and equity in the selection of embryos. In addition, we seek to analyze the legal aspects surrounding the regulation and responsibilities of professionals and patients involved in this technological dimension. Resulting, in this way, in fruitful dialogues between the scientific community, health professionals and legislators, aiming to establish a solid and ethical regulatory framework for the use of AI in IVF in Brazil.
Open Access
Justiça restaurativa na seara brasileira: uma análise a partir da aplicabilidade prática
(Cammino Diritto, 2024-01-08) Pinto, Marcelo Paes de Barros; Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Souza, Diogo José Nucci Quinteiro de; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
This article aims to understand the relationship of agents of Brazilian law with the practice of restorative justice, thus, from the survey of questions about Restorative Justice covering the knowledge, interpretation, functionality and application of Restorative Justice in the country, we sought to tackle the topic.
Open Access
Democratização do acesso à saúde mediante a telemedicina: análise bioética
(Editorial Neogranadina, 2024-08-06) Pavelski, Bruna Guesso Scarmagnan; Neto, Mário Furlaneto; Cardoso, Abkeyla Pessoa; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
La tecnología ha ganado espacio y notoriedad a lo largo de los años, sin embargo, con el escenario pandémico iniciado en los primeros meses de 2020, se tomaron y se impulsaron con voracidad medidas tecnológicas, lo que llevó a la aceleración de la inclusión de herramientas tecnológicas incluso en el entorno laboral. Importantes transiciones y migraciones se trasladaron al medio digital, incluidos los servicios médicos, lo que se llamó telemedicina. Sin embargo, se cuestiona si las plataformas digitales (telemedicina) utilizadas para la atención médica promueven la democratización del acceso a la salud. Así, a través del método deductivo, a partir de una revisión doctrinal, legislativa y bibliográfica, se busca abordar temas como el derecho y acceso a la salud, pasando por la telemedicina y la Resolución cfm no. 2.314/2022, señalando las ventajas y desventajas de esta nueva modalidad de atención. Se concluye que la telemedicina proporciona democratización del acceso a la salud, a pesar de la diversidad singular, las dimensiones territoriales, así como la compleja pluralidad cultural y la latente desigualdad social existentes en el escenario brasileño.