Person: Bariáin Aisa, Cándido
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Bariáin Aisa
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Cándido
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Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
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0000-0003-2865-2855
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289
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Publication Open Access Resilient amplified double ring optical networks to multiplex optical fibre sensors(IEEE / OSA, 2009) Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Elosúa Aguado, César; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Urquhart, Paul; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe report the experimental demonstration of two configurations of an amplified optical fibre double ring network for the multiplexing of sensors. The networks are designed to be inherently resilient to fibre failures because they enable simultaneous interrogation of all the optical fibre sensors using both rings. The first design demonstrates the feasibility of the so called 'dedicated protection' and the second one 'shared protection' for fibre optic intensity sensors. Raman amplification is used to overcome the losses of the couplers used in the rings, providing power transparency. The first network uses Raman amplification in both constituent rings but in the second one Raman pumping is activated only when a fibre failure occurs. We demonstrate how the topology allows the received powers from the sensors to be equalized.Publication Open Access Volatile organic compound optical fiber sensors: a review(MDPI, 2006) Elosúa Aguado, César; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaVolatile organic compound (VOC) detection is a topic of growing interest with applications in diverse fields, ranging from environmental uses to the food or chemical industries. Optical fiber VOC sensors offering new and interesting properties which overcame some of the inconveniences found on traditional gas sensors appeared over two decades ago. Thanks to its minimum invasive nature and the advantages that optical fiber offers such as light weight, passive nature, low attenuation and the possibility of multiplexing, among others, these sensors are a real alternative to electronic ones in electrically noisy environments where electronic sensors cannot operate correctly. In the present work, a classification of these devices has been made according to the sensing mechanism and taking also into account the sensing materials or the different methods of fabrication. In addition, some solutions already implemented for the detection of VOCs using optical fiber sensors will be described with detail.Publication Open Access Micro and nanostructured materials for the development of optical fibre sensors(MDPI, 2017) Elosúa Aguado, César; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaThe measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.Publication Open Access Long-range hybrid network with point and distributed Brillouin sensors using Raman amplification(Optical Society of America, 2010) Zornoza Indart, Ander; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Elosúa Aguado, César; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe propose a novel concept for hybrid networks that combine point and distributed Brillouin sensors in a cost-effective architecture that also deploys remote distributed Raman amplification to extend the sensing range. A 46-km proof-of-concept network is experimentally demonstrated integrating point vibration sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings and tapers with distributed temperature sensing along the network bus. In this network the use of Raman amplification to compensate branching and fiber losses provides a temperature resolution of 0.7°C and 13 m. Moreover, it was possible to obtain good optical signal to noise ratio in the measurements from the four point vibration sensors that were remotely multiplexed in the network. These low-cost intensity sensors are able to measure vibrations in the 0.1 to 50 Hz frequency range, which are important in the monitoring of large infrastructures such as pipelines.Publication Open Access Optical sensors based on lossy-mode resonances(Elsevier Science, 2017) Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; López Torres, Diego; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Elosúa Aguado, César; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCPublication Open Access Development of an in-fiber nanocavity towards detection of volatile organic gases(MDPI, 2006) Elosúa Aguado, César; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaA fiber optic sensor for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) detection has been developed and characterized for some organic gasses. The sensor is based on a novel vapochromic material, which is able to change its optical properties in presence of organic vapors in a reversely way. A nano Fabry Perot is constructed onto a cleaved ended optical fiber pigtail by Electrostatic Self Assembly method (ESA), doping this structure with the vapochromic material. Employing a reflection scheme, a change in the intensity modulated reflected signal at 850 nm have been registered. The response of the sensor has been evaluated for five different VOCs, and a deeper study has been made for vapors of three different alcohols.Publication Open Access Pyridine vapors detection by an optical fibre sensor(MDPI, 2008) Elosúa Aguado, César; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Rodríguez, Antonio; Colacio, Enrique; Salinas Castillo, Alfonso; Segura Carretero, Antonio; Fernández Gutiérrez, Alberto; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaAn optical fibre sensor has been implemented towards pyridine vapors detection; to achieve this, a novel vapochromic material has been used, which, in solid state, suffers a change in colour from blue to pink-white in presence of pyridine vapours. This complex is added to a solution of PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride), TBP (Tributylphosphate) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), forming a plasticized matrix; by dip coating technique, the sensing material is fixed onto a cleaved ended optical fibre. The fabrication process was optimized in terms of number of dips and dipping speed, evaluating the final devices by dynamic range. Employing a reflection set up, the absorbance spectra and changes in the reflected optical power of the sensors were registered to determine their response. A linear relation between optical power versus vapor concentration was obtained, with a detection limit of 1 ppm (v/v).Publication Open Access 46-km-long Raman amplified hybrid double-bus network with point and distributed Brillouin sensors(IEEE, 2012) Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; Olier Aguado, David; Zornoza Indart, Ander; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Elosúa Aguado, César; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe experimentally demonstrate a 46-km hybrid network that combine point and distributed Brillouin sensors. The proposed sensor network multiplexes low-cost intensity point sensors based on fiber-optic tapers, which are able to measure vibrations in the 0.01 to 50 Hz frequency range. The sensor network with a double-bus is a low noise configuration, which offers a higher optical signal to noise ratio and dynamic range than a single-bus. Thus, the number of sensors to be multiplexed could increase or we could reach further distances. The system also deploys remote distributed Raman amplification to extend the sensing range.Publication Open Access Application of gold complexes in the development of sensors for volatile organic compounds(World Gold Council, 2007) Luquin Martínez, Asunción; Elosúa Aguado, César; Vergara, Elena; Estella Redín, Juncal; Cerrada, Elena; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Garrido Segovia, Julián José; Laguna, Mariano; Química Aplicada; Kimika Aplikatua; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaTwo different kinds of sensors have been developed by using the same kind of vapochromic complexes. The vapochromic materials [Au2Ag2(C6F5)(4)L-2](n) have different colours depending on the ligand L. These materials change, reversibly, their optical properties, colour and fluorescence, in the presence of the vapours of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For practical applications, two different ways of fixing the vapochromic material to the optical fibre have been used: the sol-gel technique and the electrostatic self-assembly method (ESA). With the first technique the sensors can even be used to detect VOCs in aqueous solutions, and using the second method it has been possible to develop nanosensors.