Person: Marroyo Palomo, Luis
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Marroyo Palomo
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Luis
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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0000-0002-8344-8374
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495
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Publication Open Access Modeling of small wind turbines based on PMSG with diode bridge for sensorless maximum power tracking(Elsevier, 2013) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; López Taberna, Jesús; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) with diode bridge is frequently used in small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). This configuration is robust and cheap, and therefore suitable for small WECS. In order to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with no mechanical sensors, it is possible to impose the relationship between the DC voltage and the DC current on the optimum operating points. However, this relationship is difficult to calculate theoretically since the whole system is involved. In fact, as there is no model of the whole system in the literature, the optimum curve IL*(Vdc) is obtained with experimental tests or simulations. This paper develops an accurate model of the whole WECS, thereby making it possible to relate the electrical variables to the mechanical ones. With this model, it is possible to calculate the optimum curve IL*(Vdc) from commonly-known system parameters and to control the system from the DC side. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show that maximum power is extracted for actual wind speed profiles.Publication Open Access On the on-site measurement of the degradation rate of crystalline silicon PV modules at plant level(IEEE, 2018) Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónThis paper proposes a method for measuring the degradation rate of crystalline silicon PV modules at plant level in two different ways as a form of verification. As actual levels of degradation rate have been observed to be as low as 0.2%/a, the uncertainties make it difficult to measure this value accurately at plant level. However, despite the low value, it is still important to know the actual degradation rate due to its impact on energy yield. In this paper, two ways of measuring the degradation rate at plant level are proposed. These two methods, with different uncertainty sources, are proposed to be used jointly in order to have a better approach to the real value. Finally, an example of measurement in a 1.78 MW PV plant is presented.Publication Open Access Adjustment of the fuzzy logic controller parameters of the energy management strategy of a grid-tied domestic electro-thermal microgrid using the Cuckoo search algorithm(IEEE, 2019) Arcos Avilés, Diego; García Gutiérrez, Gabriel; Guinjoan Gispert, Francesc; Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenDuring the last century, population growth, together with economic development, has considerably increased the energy demand and, although renewable energies are becoming an alternative, still total energy supply is mainly non-renewable, causing well-known negative effects such as pollution and global warming. On the other hand, technological advances have allowed the development of increasingly efficient distributed generation systems and the emergence of microgrids, whose studies have been focused on architecture, elements, and objectives of the associated energy management strategies. In this regard, energy management strategies based on a Fuzzy Logic controller have been developed for electro-thermal microgrids where parameter optimization has been carried out through heuristic procedures of trial and error with acceptable results but involving a high computational cost. To solve the aforementioned drawbacks, in the present work the use of Cuckoo Search optimization nature-inspired algorithm that allows the adjustment of Fuzzy Logic controller parameters and ensures a higher quality of energy management is proposed. Obtained results show encouraging outcomes for the use of these meta-heuristic optimization algorithms.Publication Open Access Control of a photovoltaic array interfacing current-mode-controlled boost converter based on virtual impedance emulation(IEEE, 2019) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Samanes Pascual, Javier; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenDue to the nonlinear characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) array, its regulation is highly dependent on the operating point. Focusing on a dc-dc boost converter, this paper first shows how the PV voltage and inductor current controls are affected by the PV array. It then proposes to emulate an impedance virtually connected to the PV array, making it possible to greatly improve the control robustness. Thanks to the proposed strategy, the crossover frequency variation for the whole operating range is reduced from 42 times for the traditional control to 3.5 times when emulating parallel resistance or to 1.4 times when emulating series and parallel resistances, all with simple implementation. Experimental results with a commercial PV inverter and a 4-kWp PV array validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control.Publication Open Access State-of-charge-based droop control for stand-alone AC supply systems with distributed energy storage(Elsevier, 2015) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe droop method is an advantageous technique for stand-alone AC supply systems, allowing for power sharing among various inverters with no need for communication cables. However, in stand-alone systems with multiple distributed energy storage units, the conventional droop methods are unable to control the storage unit state-of-charge (SOC) in order to change simultaneously. Existing techniques endeavor to solve this problem by changing the slope of the P – f curve however this solution compromises the power response performance. As an alternative, this paper proposes a new SOC-based droop control, whereby the P – f curve is shifted either upwards or downwards according to the battery SOC. The proposed technique makes it possible to select the time constant for the battery SOC convergence and, at the same time, to optimize the power response performance. The paper also shows how the SOC changes when the ratios between the battery capacity and the inverter rated power are different and how the proposed technique can limit the SOC imbalance. Simulation and experimental results corroborate the theoretical analysis.Publication Open Access Fuzzy logic-based energy management system design for residential grid-connected microgrids(IEEE, 2018) Arcos Avilés, Diego; Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Guinjoan Gispert, Francesc; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThis paper presents the design of a low complexity fuzzy logic controller of only 25-rules to be embedded in an energy management system for a residential grid-connected microgrid including renewable energy sources and storage capability. The system assumes that neither the renewable generation nor the load demand is controllable. The main goal of the design is to minimize the grid power profile fluctuations while keeping the battery state of charge within secure limits. Instead of using forecasting-based methods, the proposed approach use both the microgrid energy rate-of-change and the battery state of charge to increase, decrease, or maintain the power delivered/absorbed by the mains. The controller design parameters (membership functions and rule-base) are adjusted to optimize a pre-defined set of quality criteria of the microgrid behavior. A comparison with other proposals seeking the same goal is presented at simulation level, whereas the features of the proposed design are experimentally tested on a real residential microgrid implemented at the Public University of Navarre.Publication Open Access Frequency-based energy management strategy for stand-alone systems with distributed battery storage(IEEE, 2015) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaDistributed generation is an attractive solution for stand-alone AC supply systems. In such systems, the installation of two or more energy-storage units is recommended for system redundancy and may also be required when there is a consumption increase following installation. However, energy management with multiple energy-storage units has been but vaguely analyzed in the literature and the few studies made are based on communication cables with a central supervisor. This paper proposes an energy management strategy for a multiple-battery system which makes it possible to avoid the use of communication cables, rendering the system more cost-effective and reliable. The strategy modifies the conventional droop method so that the power becomes unbalanced, allowing for the regulation of one or more battery voltages or currents, as required. Furthermore, whenever the frequency is high, the PV inverters reduce their power in order to prevent the battery from overcharge or high charging currents. On the other hand, whenever the frequency is low, then either the non-critical loads are regulated or the system stops in order to prevent the battery from over-discharge or high discharging currents. Simulation and experimental validation are performed for a system with two battery inverters, two PV inverters and a number of loads.Publication Open Access Parameter-independent control for battery chargers based on virtual impedance emulation(IEEE, 2018) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaAn effective battery voltage regulation is fundamental to extend battery lifetime and to avoid overvoltage. However, the design of this regulation is complicated due to the wide battery impedance range, which, when dealing with universal chargers, is dependent not only on the operating point but also on the battery type and size. This paper first shows how the voltage response becomes highly variable when designing the controller as described in the literature. Then, it proposes to emulate virtual impedance in parallel with the battery, making it possible to achieve a voltage control which is independent of battery characteristics. Experimental results are carried out for a new lithium-ion battery with 25 mΩ-impedance and an overused lead-acid battery with 400 mΩ-impedance. For this large impedance variation, the results evidence the problems of the conventional control and validate the superior performance of the proposed control.Publication Open Access On the calculation of the STC power of PV generators by using typical monitoring system data(2017) Muñoz Escribano, Mikel; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaThe properly in-field characterization of the power at Standard Test Conditions, PSTC, of PV generators is becoming increasingly important in order to evaluate their performance and its evolution in time. Within the state of art, the PSTC characterization procedures of PV arrays are mainly based on I-V curve measurements or PDC measurements performed by precision wattmeters. Those characterizations are usually carried out during discrete measurement campaigns, which does not allow a continuous tracking of the PSTC evolution. In this paper a new PSTC characterization procedure is proposed which is based on the DC power measurements performed by the own PV inverters connected to the PV arrays. This procedure enables an automatic and continuous calculation of the PSTC, which allows to observe its evolution and to detect possible anomalous trends, premature degradations, etc. The procedure has been validated in several PV generators of the large-scale Amareleja PV Plant (45.6 MWp). As showed in this paper, by using several day data and applying the adequate filters, a high accuracy in the PSTC calculation can be achieved, a similar accuracy to that obtained by using precision wattmeter measurements.Publication Open Access Control strategies to smooth short-term power fluctuations in large photovoltaic plants using battery storage systems(MDPI, 2014) Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaThe variations in irradiance produced by changes in cloud cover can cause rapid fluctuations in the power generated by large photovoltaic (PV) plants. As the PV power share in the grid increases, such fluctuations may adversely affect power quality and reliability. Thus, energy storage systems (ESS) are necessary in order to smooth power fluctuations below the maximum allowable. This article first proposes a new control strategy (step-control), to improve the results in relation to two state-of-the-art strategies, ramp-rate control and moving average. It also presents a method to quantify the storage capacity requirements according to the three different smoothing strategies and for different PV plant sizes. Finally, simulations shows that, although the moving-average (MA) strategy requires the smallest capacity, it presents more losses (2–3 times more) and produces a much higher number of cycles over the ESS (around 10 times more), making it unsuitable with storage technologies as lithium-ion. The step-control shown as a better option in scenery with exigent ramp restrictions (around 2%/min) and distributed generation against the ramp-rate control in all ESS key aspects: 20% less of capacity, up to 30% less of losses and a 40% less of ageing. All the simulations were based on real PV production data, taken every 5 s in the course of one year (2012) from a number of systems with power outputs ranging from 550 kW to 40 MW.