Person: Marroyo Palomo, Luis
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Marroyo Palomo
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Luis
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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0000-0002-8344-8374
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495
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Publication Open Access Control strategies to smooth short-term power fluctuations in large photovoltaic plants using battery storage systems(MDPI, 2014) Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaThe variations in irradiance produced by changes in cloud cover can cause rapid fluctuations in the power generated by large photovoltaic (PV) plants. As the PV power share in the grid increases, such fluctuations may adversely affect power quality and reliability. Thus, energy storage systems (ESS) are necessary in order to smooth power fluctuations below the maximum allowable. This article first proposes a new control strategy (step-control), to improve the results in relation to two state-of-the-art strategies, ramp-rate control and moving average. It also presents a method to quantify the storage capacity requirements according to the three different smoothing strategies and for different PV plant sizes. Finally, simulations shows that, although the moving-average (MA) strategy requires the smallest capacity, it presents more losses (2–3 times more) and produces a much higher number of cycles over the ESS (around 10 times more), making it unsuitable with storage technologies as lithium-ion. The step-control shown as a better option in scenery with exigent ramp restrictions (around 2%/min) and distributed generation against the ramp-rate control in all ESS key aspects: 20% less of capacity, up to 30% less of losses and a 40% less of ageing. All the simulations were based on real PV production data, taken every 5 s in the course of one year (2012) from a number of systems with power outputs ranging from 550 kW to 40 MW.Publication Open Access Fuzzy logic-based energy management system design for residential grid-connected microgrids(IEEE, 2018) Arcos Avilés, Diego; Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Guinjoan Gispert, Francesc; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThis paper presents the design of a low complexity fuzzy logic controller of only 25-rules to be embedded in an energy management system for a residential grid-connected microgrid including renewable energy sources and storage capability. The system assumes that neither the renewable generation nor the load demand is controllable. The main goal of the design is to minimize the grid power profile fluctuations while keeping the battery state of charge within secure limits. Instead of using forecasting-based methods, the proposed approach use both the microgrid energy rate-of-change and the battery state of charge to increase, decrease, or maintain the power delivered/absorbed by the mains. The controller design parameters (membership functions and rule-base) are adjusted to optimize a pre-defined set of quality criteria of the microgrid behavior. A comparison with other proposals seeking the same goal is presented at simulation level, whereas the features of the proposed design are experimentally tested on a real residential microgrid implemented at the Public University of Navarre.Publication Open Access Control strategy for an integrated photovoltaic-battery system(IEEE, 2017) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaIn photovoltaic-battery systems, more attention is usually paid to the MPPT control while the battery management is put aside. This paper proposes two control strategies for an integrated PV-battery system, both of them making it possible to perform MPPT or regulate the battery voltage to its maximum value in order to prevent it from overcharging. Simulation results prove the feasibility of both controls.Publication Open Access High frequency power transformers with foil windings: maximum interleaving and optimal design(IEEE, 2015) Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaFoil conductors and primary and secondary interleaving are normally used to minimize winding losses in high frequency transformers used for high-current power applications. However, winding interleaving complicates the transformer assembly, since taps are required to connect the winding sections, and also complicates the transformer design, since it introduces a new tradeoff between minimizing losses and reducing the construction difficulty. This paper presents a novel interleaving technique, named maximum interleaving, that makes it possible to minimize the winding losses as well as the construction difficulty. An analytical design methodology is also proposed in order to obtain free cooled transformers with a high efficiency, low volume and, therefore, a high power density. For the purpose of evaluating the advantages of the proposed maximum interleaving technique, the methodology is applied to design a transformer positioned in the 5 kW 50 kHz intermediate high frequency resonant stage of a commercial PV inverter. The proposed design achieves a transformer power density of 28 W/cm3 with an efficiency of 99.8%. Finally, a prototype of the maximum-interleaved transformer is assembled and validated satisfactorily through experimental tests.Publication Open Access Fuzzy-based energy management of a residential electro-thermal microgrid based on power forecasting(IEEE, 2018) Arcos Avilés, Diego; Gordillo, Rodolfo; Guinjoan Gispert, Francesc; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Marietta, Martin P.; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ibarra, Alexander; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenIn this paper, an energy management strategy based on microgrid power forecasting is applied to a residential grid-connected electro-thermal microgrid with the aim of smoothing the power profile exchanged with the grid. The microgrid architecture under study considers electrical and thermal renewable generation, energy storage system (ESS), and loads. The proposed strategy manages the energy stored in the ESS to cover part of the energy required by the thermal generation system for supplying domestic hot water to the residence. The simulation results using real data and the comparison with previous strategy have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.Publication Open Access DC capacitance reduction in three-phase photovoltaic inverters by using virtual impedance emulation(IEEE, 2019) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónDC voltage regulation in grid-connected three-phase PV inverters is a fundamental requirement. In order to reduce the influence of the PV non-linear behavior and ensure stability in the whole operating range, the input capacitance in high-power inverters is currently oversized, thus increasing the converter cost. This paper proposes a control method which emulates a virtual impedance in parallel with the PV generator, making it possible to reduce the capacitance by a factor of 5. Simulation results confirm that the proposed control is stable and fast enough in the whole operating range with such a small capacitor.Publication Open Access State-of-charge-based droop control for stand-alone AC supply systems with distributed energy storage(Elsevier, 2015) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe droop method is an advantageous technique for stand-alone AC supply systems, allowing for power sharing among various inverters with no need for communication cables. However, in stand-alone systems with multiple distributed energy storage units, the conventional droop methods are unable to control the storage unit state-of-charge (SOC) in order to change simultaneously. Existing techniques endeavor to solve this problem by changing the slope of the P – f curve however this solution compromises the power response performance. As an alternative, this paper proposes a new SOC-based droop control, whereby the P – f curve is shifted either upwards or downwards according to the battery SOC. The proposed technique makes it possible to select the time constant for the battery SOC convergence and, at the same time, to optimize the power response performance. The paper also shows how the SOC changes when the ratios between the battery capacity and the inverter rated power are different and how the proposed technique can limit the SOC imbalance. Simulation and experimental results corroborate the theoretical analysis.Publication Open Access Modeling of small wind turbines based on PMSG with diode bridge for sensorless maximum power tracking(Elsevier, 2013) Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; San Martín Biurrun, Idoia; López Taberna, Jesús; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) with diode bridge is frequently used in small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). This configuration is robust and cheap, and therefore suitable for small WECS. In order to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with no mechanical sensors, it is possible to impose the relationship between the DC voltage and the DC current on the optimum operating points. However, this relationship is difficult to calculate theoretically since the whole system is involved. In fact, as there is no model of the whole system in the literature, the optimum curve IL*(Vdc) is obtained with experimental tests or simulations. This paper develops an accurate model of the whole WECS, thereby making it possible to relate the electrical variables to the mechanical ones. With this model, it is possible to calculate the optimum curve IL*(Vdc) from commonly-known system parameters and to control the system from the DC side. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show that maximum power is extracted for actual wind speed profiles.Publication Open Access Implementation and control of a residential electrothermal microgrid based on renewable energies, a hybrid storage system and demand side management(MDPI, 2014) Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio María; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThis paper proposes an energy management strategy for a residential electrothermal microgrid, based on renewable energy sources. While grid connected, it makes use of a hybrid electrothermal storage system, formed by a battery and a hot water tank along with an electrical water heater as a controllable load, which make possible the energy management within the microgrid. The microgrid emulates the operation of a single family home with domestic hot water (DHW) consumption, a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system as well as the typical electric loads. An energy management strategy has been designed which optimizes the power exchanged with the grid profile in terms of peaks and fluctuations, in applications with high penetration levels of renewables. The proposed energy management strategy has been evaluated and validated experimentally in a full scale residential microgrid built in our Renewable Energy Laboratory, by means of continuous operation under real conditions. The results show that the combination of electric and thermal storage systems with controllable loads is a promising technology that could maximize the penetration level of renewable energies in the electric system.Publication Open Access On the stability criteria for inverter current control loops with LCL output filters and varying grid impedance(IEEE, 2017) Lumbreras Magallón, David; Barrios Rípodas, Ernesto; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y ElectrónicaThe use of LC and LCL filters and grid impedance variations are creating new challenges on the controller design for current control loops of photovoltaic and wind turbine inverters. In the design process, stability criteria such as Bode and revised Bode are commonly used. This paper analyses the limitations of Bode and revised Bode criteria to reliably determine stability and proposes a sufficient and necessary stability criterion, based on the Nyquist criterion, but that makes use of the Bode diagram. The proposed criterion, named generalized Bode criterion, is always reliable and helps the controller design. Relative stability in complex control loops is also studied and a relative stability analysis is proposed. Finally, the generalized Bode criterion and the proposed relative stability analysis are illustrated with a practical example in which a PI is designed in order to guarantee stability and achieve relative stability.