Open Access
L-band multiwavelength single-longitudinal mode fiber laser for sensing applications
(IEEE / OSA, 2012) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Ullán Nieto, Ángel; Leandro González, Daniel; Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; Quintela, M. A.; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; López Higuera, José Miguel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, a novel single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) four-wavelength laser configuration for sensing applications in the L-band is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor system presented here is based on ring resonators, and employs fiber Bragg gratings to select the operation wavelengths. The stable SLM operation is guaranteed when all the lasing channels present similar output powers. It is also experimentally demonstrated that when a SLMbehavior is achieved, lower output power fluctuations are obtained. Characterization of the lasing structure for temperature sensing is also shown.
Open Access
Frequency modulated continuous wave system for optical fiber intensity sensors with optical amplification
(IEEE, 2009) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Frazão, Orlando; Santos, José Luís; Araújo, Francisco Moita; Ferreira, Luis Alberto; Baptista, José Manuel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
We report on the use of erbium doped fiber (EDF) amplification to enhance a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique for referencing optical intensity sensors located between two Bragg grating structures. The experiment combines the concept of FMCW with the spectrally selective mirror properties of Bragg gratings to interrogate with referencing properties intensity based sensors. The interrogation system without amplification yields a sensor resolution of around 0.078 dB. When the EDF amplifier is introduced into the experimental set up, the sensor sensitivity does not change, but the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, resulting into an enhanced resolution of 0.025 dB. We also obtain a remote sensing operation at a location of 50 km, showing the feasibility of this configuration to be used as a remote sensing application.
Open Access
High frequency vibration sensor using a fiber laser with a multicore fiber interferometer
(IEEE, 2024) Correa Serrano, Ángel Ignacio; Galarza Galarza, Marko; Dauliat, Romain; Jamier, Raphael; Roy, Philippe; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
We present an interferometric vibration sensor that uses three-core fibers. The transducer is constructed by splicing a segment 20 mm long of a multicore optical fiber (MCF) to a single-mode optical fiber (SMF). The end of the MCF segment is cut off and painted using silver metallic paint. The sensor head is operated in reflection mode. The structure is placed on a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plate, which is excited with a wide range of frequency signals. The vibrations induce cyclic bending in the MCF segment, resulting in periodic oscillations of the reflected interference spectrum. This device is demonstrated to be suitable to measure vibrations in a frequency range of the order of 300 kHz detecting deformations as small as 0.40μm .
Open Access
Tunable SESAM-based mode-locked soliton fiber laser in linear cavity by axial-strain applied to a FBG
(IEEE, 2017) Aporta, I.; Leandro González, Daniel; Quintela, M. A.; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; López Higuera, José Miguel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
A self-started stable tunable mode-locked (ML) soliton fiber laser in a linear cavity structure composed by commercial passive elements is presented in this paper. It is based on the combination of an Erbium doped fiber (EDF) as the active medium, and a saturated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as a partial mirror of the cavity. The other side of the cavity consists of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) acting also as the mode-locking device. The central wavelength of the FBG is selected by the application of axial strain giving rise to a tunable soliton over 8.6 nm on the C band with a variable spacing of 0.01 nm. The laser delivers 18.9 ps long pulses with a 0.14 nm bandwidth, an 8.2 MHz repetition rate, a pulse energy of 89 pJ and a peak power of 4.71 W.
Open Access
Wavelength converter using a highly Er-doped optical fiber ring laser
(IOP Publishing, 2018) Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Rodríguez, Luis; Ventura Rípodas, Daniel; López Higuera, José Miguel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
This work presents an all-fiber wavelength converter based on a highly Er-doped fiber laser, which has been experimentally demonstrated. Frequencies from several kilohertz up to tens of gigahertz have been investigated. Making use of the gain competition in the amplifying medium, the wavelength conversion can be carried out over not only one lasing wavelength, but over several. These analyses have also been carried out for more than one all-fiber ring structure, demonstrating the viability of this wavelength converter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an Er-doped fiber wavelength converter has been validated.
Open Access
Cavidad láser de fibra óptica multibanda basada en reflectores pseudoaleatorios cuasidistribuidos
(Sociedad Española de Óptica, 2021) Sánchez González, Arturo; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Roldán Varona, Pablo; Rodríguez Cobo, Luis; López Higuera, José Miguel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA 1928
En este trabajo se presenta un análisis experimental de las prestaciones alcanzadas por una cavidad láser en línea asistida por un reflector de fibra con retrodispersión controlada artificialmente (RFRCA). Dicho reflector ha sido concebido para permitir oscilación en un único modo longitudinal (SLM) en bandas C y L, presentando inestabilidades en potencia de emisión inferiores a 0.1 dB y relaciones de señal óptica a ruido (OSNR) superiores a 44 dB.
Open Access
Random DFB fiber laser for remote (200 km) sensor monitoring using hybrid WDM/TDM
(IEEE, 2016) Leandro González, Daniel; Miguel Soto, Verónica de; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Bravo Acha, Mikel; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, a random distributed feedback fiber laser is proposed as a multiplexing scheme for ultralong range measurements (up to 200 km). Optical fiber sensors are time and wavelength multiplexed overcoming one of the main limitations of long-range sensing setups, which is their limited multiplexing capability. The direct modulation of the laser's cavity allows the interrogation of sensors by measuring the reflected power for different wavelengths and distances. Fiber Bragg gratings placed at different fiber locations and wavelengths have been interrogated in two different sensor networks. In addition, in order to improve the performance of the system, some features have been analyzed.
Open Access
Low noise dual-wavelength erbium fiber laser in single-longitudinal-mode operation
(Springer, 2012) Rota Rodrigo, Sergio; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; Fernández Vallejo, Montserrat; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
A new stable dual-wavelength fiber-ring laser based on erbium-doped fiber amplification is reported. The laser is based on ring resonators and employs fiber Bragg gratings to select the operation wavelengths. The topology of the laser has a significant influence in its performance: allowing an independent control of the losses for both lasing wavelengths and achieving a low noise configuration. As a result, it is experimentally demonstrated that both emission lines work in single-longitudinal-mode operation and the topology offers a better stability and higher optical signalto-noise ratios than similar configurations.
Open Access
Fiber cavity ring down and gain amplification effect
(Springer Nature, 2016) Silva, Susana; Magalhães, Regina; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; Marques, M. B.; Frazão, Orlando; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The effect of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) placed inside the fiber ring of a cavity ring down (CRD) configuration is studied. The limitations and advantages of this configuration are discussed, and the study of the ring-down time as a function of the current applied and gain to the EDFA is also presented. In this case, the power fluctuations in the output signal are strongly dependent on the cavity ring-down time with the EDFA gain.
Open Access
ECOAL project: delivering solutions for integrated monitoring of coal-related fires supported on optical fiber sensing technology
(MDPI, 2017) Ribeiro, Joana; Viveiros, Duarte; Ferreira, João; López Gil, Alexia; Domínguez López, Alejandro; Martins, Hugo F.; Pérez Herrera, Rosa Ana; López Aldaba, Aitor; Duarte, Lia; Rodrigues Pinto, Ana Margarida; Martín López, Sonia; Baierl, Hardy; Jamier, Raphael; Rougier, Sébastien; Auguste, Jean-Louis; Teodoro, Ana Cláudia; Gonçalves, José Alberto; Esteban, Óscar; Santos, José Luís; Roy, Philippe; López-Amo Sáinz, Manuel; González Herráez, Miguel; Baptista, José Manuel; Flores, Deolinda; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The combustion of coal wastes resulting from mining is of particular environmental concern, and the importance of proper management involving real-time assessment of their status and identification of probable evolution scenarios is recognized. Continuous monitoring of the combustion temperature and emission levels of certain gases allows for the possibility of planning corrective actions to minimize their negative impact on the surroundings. Optical fiber technology is well suited to this purpose and here we describe the main attributes and results obtained from a fiber optic sensing system projected to gather data on distributed temperature and gas emissions in these harsh environments.