Open Access
Consequences of low sleep duration in anthropometric and body composition parameters of Chilean preschoolers
(MDPI, 2021) Álvarez, Cristian; Paredes-Arévalo, Lorena; Obando, Isabel; Leal, Marlys; Ávila, Yennifer; Sadarangani, Kabir P.; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Reduced sleep duration in schoolchildren has been associated with poor health outcomes at the scholar level; however, there is little information on the effects of sleep loss on Chilean preschoolers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare cardiometabolic outcomes according with the sleep duration in Chilean preschoolers. A second aim was to identify potential risk outcomes (i.e., in odds ratios) for suffering anthropometric and body composition alterations related with participants' sleep duration. A total of 99 (n = 54 boys; n = 45 girls) preschoolers (mean age (95% CI) 3.1 (2.7, 3.4 years), mean weight 16.1 (15.5, 16.6 kg)) were included in this study. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questionnaires with the parents. Socio-demographic parents’ information, as well as anthropometric, nutritional, and handgrip strength outcomes in preschoolers were distributed by tertiles (T1; < 10 h, T2; 10 to < 11 h, and T3; ≥ 11 h) of sleep time. Children in the lowest tertile of sleep duration had significantly higher body mass indices (p = 0.036), weight-for-height Z-scores (p < 0.0001), waist–hip ratios (p = 0.041), and body fat in percent (p = 0.035) and kg (p = 0.044) compared to those in the top tertile. Low sleep duration was associated with significantly greater risks of overweight/obesity (OR 1.3 (0.9, 1.8)), low height (OR 1.2 (0.8, 1.6)), and increased BMI (OR 1.5 (0.4, 1.4)), but not with reductions in grip strength. Chilean preschoolers with low sleep duration showed higher cardiometabolic markers (anthropometric/body composition) and were more likely to be classified as obese than youth with longer sleep duration.
Open Access
Hypertensive patients show higher heart rate response during incremental exercise and elevated arterial age estimation than normotensive adult peers: Vascu-Health Project
(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Álvarez, Cristian; Campos-Jara, Christian; Ciolac, Emmanuel Gomes; Guimaraes, Guilherme Vega; Andrade-Mayorga, Omar; Cano Montoya, Johnattan; Andrade, David C.; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Cigarroa, Igor; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Existe información limitada respecto a la respuesta de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) a partir de fórmulas predictivas y prueba de ejercicio real entre adultos con hipertensión arterial (HTA) y normotensos, así como sobre las similitudes o diferencias vasculares entre muestras de diferente control de la presión arterial. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la frecuencia cardiaca durante el ejercicio entre adultos con HTN y normotensos, así como describir parámetros de función endotelial y vasculares. Se realizó un estudio clínico descriptivo con 64 adultos (hombres y mujeres) que fueron divididos en tres grupos: hipertensión arterial (HTN n=26), presión arterial elevada (Ele n=16), o normotensos control (CG n=22). Los participantes se sometieron a una prueba de ejercicio, en la que se midió la FC (variable principal) y parámetros vasculares secundarios (clasificación percentil de la velocidad de la onda del pulso (%ILEPWVba), grosor máximo de la íntima-media carotídea (cIMTmax) y edad arterial entre otras. En la etapa 2 del test (50-100 vatios), el grupo HTN mostró una FC significativamente mayor vs. el grupo GC (+14 latidos/min), y vs. el grupo Ele (+15 latidos/min), ambos p<0,05; y en la etapa 5 (125-250 vatios) vs. el grupo GC (+22 latidos/min; p<0,05). El grupo HTN mostró una clasificación mayor de rigidez arterial %ILEPWVba, y de edad arterial que el grupo NT. En conclusión, los sujetos con HTA presentan una mayor respuesta de la FC durante el ejercicio que los normotensos. Sin embargo, todos los grupos mostraron una mayor HRpredicted en relación con la HRpeak real. Estos resultados se muestran con una clasificación en percentiles superiores de rigidez arterial y una mayor estimación de la edad arterial con relación a adultos normotensos.
Open Access
Effects of different doses of high-speed resistance training on physical performance and quality of life in older women: a randomized controlled trial
(Dovepress, 2016) Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo; Díaz, Daniela; Martínez Salazar, Cristian; Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Méndez Rebolledo, Guillermo; Cañas Jamet, Rodrigo; Cristi Montero, Carlos; García Hermoso, Antonio; Celis Morales, Carlos; Moran, Jason; Buford, Thomas W.; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two frequencies of high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on physical performance and quality of life of older women. Methods: A total of 24 older women participated in a 12-week HSRT program composed of either two or three sessions/week (equated for volume and intensity). Women were randomized into three arms: a control group (CG, n=8), a resistance training group performing two sessions/week (RT2, n=8), and a resistance training group performing three sessions/week (RT3, n=8). The training program for both experimental groups included exercises that required high-speed concentric muscle actions. Results: No baseline differences were observed among groups. Compared with the CG, both training groups showed similar small to moderate improvements (P,0.05) in muscle strength, power, functional performance, balance, and quality of life. Conclusion: These results suggest that equated for volume and intensity, two and three training sessions/week of HSRT are equally effective for improving physical performance and quality of life of older women.
Open Access
Residual impact of concurrent, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on fasting measures of glucose metabolism in women with insulin resistance
(Frontiers Media, 2021) Álvarez, Cristian; Ciolac, Emmanuel Gomes; Veiga Guimarães, Guilherme; Andrade, David C.; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Monsalves Álvarez, Matías; Delgado Floody, Pedro; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
We sought to assess the residual effects (post 72-h training cessation) on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FI) after 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), or concurrent training (CT) in women with insulin resistance (IR). We also aimed to determine the training-induced, post-training residual impact of CT. A total of adult 45 women (age 38.5±9.2years) were included in the final analysis and were assigned to a control (CG; n=13, BMI 28.3±3.6kg/m2), HIIT [n=14, BMI 28.6±3.6kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80–100% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax)], RT [n=8, BMI 29.4±5.5kg/m2, two sessions/wk., 8–10 points of the modified Borg, corresponding to 20 to 50% range of one maximum repetition test (1RM)], or CT group (n=10, BMI 29.1±3.0kg/m2, three sessions/wk., 80–100% of HRmax, and 8–10 Borg, or 20 to 50% range of 1RM, to each HIIT and RT compounds), with the latter including both HIIT and RT regimens. Training interventions lasted 12-weeks. The main outcomes were FPG and FI measured at pre- and 24-h and 72-h post-training (FPG24h, FI24h, and FPG72h, FI72h, respectively). Secondary endpoints were body composition/anthropometry and the adiposity markers waist circumference (WC) and tricípital skinfold (TSF). The residual effects 72-h post-training [delta (∆)] were significantly poorer (all p<0.01) in the CT group (∆FPG72h+6.6mg/dl, η2: 0.76) than in the HIIT (∆FPG72h+1.2mg/dl, η2: 0.07) and RT (∆FPG72h+1.0mg/dl, η2: 0.05) groups. These findings reveal that HIIT reduces FPG and RT reduces FI 24-h post-training; both exercise interventions alone have remarkably better residual effects on FPG and FI (post-72h) than CT in women with insulin resistance.

Alonso Martínez, Alicia

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