Person: Araiz Vega, Miguel
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Araiz Vega
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Miguel
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IngenierĆa
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0000-0002-7674-0078
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811140
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Publication Open Access Experimental evidence of the viability of thermoelectric generators to power volcanic monitoring stations(MDPI, 2020) CatalĆ”n Ros, Leyre; Garacochea SĆ”enz, Amaia; Casi SatrĆŗstegui, Ćlvaro; Araiz Vega, Miguel; Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆaAlthough there is an important lack of commercial thermoelectric applications mainly due to their low efficiency, there exist some cases in which thermoelectric generators are the best option thanks to their well-known advantages, such as reliability, lack of maintenance and scalability. In this sense, the present paper develops a novel thermoelectric application in order to supply power to volcanic monitoring stations, making them completely autonomous. These stations become indispensable in any volcano since they are able to predict eruptions. Nevertheless, they present energy supply difficulties due to the absence of power grid, the remote access, and the climatology. As a solution, this work has designed a new integral system composed of thermoelectric generators with high efficiency heat exchangers, and its associated electronics, developed thanks to Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Thus, the heat emitted from volcanic fumaroles is transformed directly into electricity with thermoelectric generators with passive heat exchangers based on phase change, leading to a continuous generation without moving parts that powers different sensors, the information of which is emitted via LoRa. The viability of the solution has been demonstrated both at the laboratory and at a real volcano, Teide (Canary Islands, Spain), where a compact prototype has been installed in an 82 C fumarole. The results obtained during more than eight months of operation prove the robustness and durability of the developed generator, which has been in operation without maintenance and under several kinds of meteorological conditions, leading to an average generation of 0.49W and a continuous emission over more than 14 km.Publication Embargo New opportunities for electricity generation in shallow hot dry rock fields: a study of thermoelectric generators with different heat exchangers(Elsevier, 2019) CatalĆ”n Ros, Leyre; Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Araiz Vega, Miguel; PĆ©rez Artieda, Miren Gurutze; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCDespite being one of the largest renewable sources, geothermal energy is not widely utilized for electricity generation. In order to leverage shallow hot dry rock (HDR) fields, the present paper proposes an alternative to enhanced geothermal systems (EGS): thermoelectric generators. Based on the conditions of Timanfaya National Park, a prototype has been built to experimentally analyze the feasibility of the proposed solution. The prototype is composed by a two phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) as hot side heat exchanger, two thermoelectric modules, and it considers different cold side heat exchangers: fin dissipators assisted by a fan and loop thermosyphons, both with various geometries. Experiments have demonstrated that loop thermosyphons represent the best alternative due to their low thermal resistance and, especially, due to their lack of auxiliary consumption, leading to a maximum net power generation of 3.29 W per module with a temperature difference of 180 Ā°C (200 Ā°C in the hot side and 20 Ā°C as ambient temperature), 54% more than with fin dissipators. Hence, there exists a new opportunity for electricity generation in shallow hot dry rock fields: thermoelectric generators with biphasic thermosyphons as heat exchangers, a patented and robust solution.Publication Open Access Computational study of geothermal thermoelectric generators with phase change heat exchangers(Elsevier, 2020) CatalĆ”n Ros, Leyre; Araiz Vega, Miguel; Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆaThe use of thermoelectric generators with phase change heat exchangers has demonstrated to be an interesting and environmentally friendly alternative to enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in shallow hot dry rock fields (HDR), since rock fracture is avoided. The present paper studies the possibilities of the former proposal in a real location: Timanfaya National Park (Canary Islands, Spain), one of the greatest shallow HDR fields in the world, with 5000 m2 of characterized geothermal anomalies presenting temperatures up to 500 Ā°C at only 2 m deep. For this purpose, a computational model based on the thermal-electrical analogy has been developed and validated thanks to a real prototype, leading to a relative error of less than 8%. Based on this model, two prototypes have been designed and studied for two different areas within the park, varying the size of the heat exchangers and the number of thermoelectric modules installed. As a result, the potential of the solution is demonstrated, leading to an annual electricity generation of 681.53 MWh thanks to the scalability of thermoelectric generators. This generation is obtained without moving parts nor auxiliary consumption, thus increasing the robustness of the device and removing maintenance requirements.Publication Open Access Prospects of autonomous volcanic monitoring stations: experimental investigation on thermoelectric generation from fumaroles(MDPI, 2020) CatalĆ”n Ros, Leyre; Araiz Vega, Miguel; Padilla, GermĆ”n D.; HernĆ”ndez, Pedro A.; PĆ©rez, Nemesio M.; GarcĆa de la Noceda, Celestino; Albert, JosĆ© F.; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆaFumaroles represent evidence of volcanic activity, emitting steam and volcanic gases at temperatures between 70 and 100 Ā°C. Due to the well-known advantages of thermoelectricity, such as reliability, reduced maintenance and scalability, the present paper studies the possibilities of thermoelectric generators, devices based on solid-state physics, to directly convert fumaroles heat into electricity due to the Seebeck effect. For this purpose, a thermoelectric generator composed of two bismuth-telluride thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as heat exchangers was installed, for the first time, at Teide volcano (Canary Islands, Spain), where fumaroles arise in the surface at 82 Ā°C. The installed thermoelectric generator has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed solution, leading to a compact generator with no moving parts that produces a net generation between 0.32 and 0.33 W per module given a temperature difference between the heat reservoirs encompassed in the 69ā86 Ā°C range. These results become interesting due to the possibilities of supplying power to the volcanic monitoring stations that measure the precursors of volcanic eruptions, making them completely autonomous. Nonetheless, in order to achieve this objective, corrosion prevention measures must be taken because the hydrogen sulfide contained in the fumaroles reacts with steam, forming sulfuric acid.Publication Open Access Geothermal thermoelectric generator for Timanfaya National Park(2019) CatalĆ”n Ros, Leyre; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Aranguren Garacochea, Patricia; Araiz Vega, Miguel; Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆaDespite being one of the largest renewable sources, geothermal energy is not widely utilized for electricity generation. In the case of shallow Hot Dry Rock (HDR) fields, thermoelectric generators can entail a sustainable alternative to Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The present work studies two configurations of thermoelectric generators for Timanfaya National Park (Spain), one of the most important Hot Dry Rock fields in the world, with temperatures of 500Ā°C at only 3 meters deep. The first configuration includes biphasic thermosyphons as heat exchangers for both sides, leading to a completely passive thermoelectric generator. The second configuration uses fin dissipators as cold-side heat exchangers.