Open Access
Development of a genetic risk score to predict the risk of hypertension in european adolescents from the HELENA study
(Frontiers Media, 2023) Pérez-Gimeno, Gloria; Seral-Cortes, Miguel; Sabroso-Lasa, Sergio; Esteban, Luis Mariano; Lurbe, Empar; Béghin, Laurent; Gottrand, Frédéric; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Muntaner, Manon; Kafatos, Antonios; Molnár, Dénes; Leclercq, Catherine; Widhalm, Kurt; Kersting, Mathilde; Nova, Esther; Salazar-Tortosa, Diego; González Gross, Marcela; Breidenassel, Christina; Sinningen, Kathrin; Ruyter, Thaïs de; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Rupérez, Azahara I.; Bueno-Lozano, Gloria; Moreno, Luis A.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Introduction: From genome wide association study (GWAS) a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have previously been associated with blood pressure (BP) levels. A combination of SNPs, forming a genetic risk score (GRS) could be considered as a useful genetic tool to identify individuals at risk of developing hypertension from early stages in life. Therefore, the aim of our study was to build a GRS being able to predict the genetic predisposition to hypertension (HTN) in European adolescents. Methods: Data were extracted from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study. A total of 869 adolescents (53% female), aged 12.5–17.5, with complete genetic and BP information were included. The sample was divided into altered (≥130 mmHg for systolic and/or ≥80 mmHg for diastolic) or normal BP. Based on the literature, a total of 1.534 SNPs from 57 candidate genes related with BP were selected from the HELENA GWAS database. Results: From 1,534 SNPs available, An initial screening of SNPs univariately associated with HTN (p < 0.10) was established, to finally obtain a number of 16 SNPs significantly associated with HTN (p < 0.05) in the multivariate model. The unweighted GRS (uGRS) and weighted GRS (wGRS) were estimated. To validate the GRSs, the area under the curve (AUC) was explored using ten-fold internal cross-validation for uGRS (0.802) and wGRS (0.777). Further covariates of interest were added to the analyses, obtaining a higher predictive ability (AUC values of uGRS: 0.879; wGRS: 0.881 for BMI z-score). Furthermore, the differences between AUCs obtained with and without the addition of covariates were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both GRSs, the uGRS and wGRS, could be useful to evaluate the predisposition to hypertension in European adolescents.
Open Access
European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2023) Ortega, Francisco B.; Leskošek, Bojan; Blagus, Rok; Gil Cosano, José J.; Mäestu, Jarek; Tomkinson, Grant R.; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Mäestu, Evelin; Starc, Gregor; Milanovic, Ivana; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Soric, Maroje; Scheuer, Claude; Carraro, Attilio; Kaj, Mónika; Csányi, Tamás; Sardinha, Luis B.; Lenoir, Matthieu; Emeljanovas, Arunas; Mieziene, Brigita; Sidossis, Labros S.; Pihu, Maret; Lovecchio, Nicola; Konstabel, Kenn; Tambalis, Konstantinos D.; Stefan, Lovro; Drenowatz, Clemens; Rubín, Lukáš; Gontarev, Seryozha; Castro Piñero, José; Vanhelst, Jérémy; O'Keeffe, Brendan; Veiga, Óscar L.; Gisladottir, Thordis; Sandercock, Gavin; Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Niessner, Claudia; Riso, Eva-María; Popovic, Stevo; Kuu, Saima; Chinapaw, Mai; Clavel, Iván; Labayen Goñi, Idoia; Dobosz, Janusz; Colella, Dario; Kriemler, Susi; Salaj, Sanja; Noriega, María José; Bös, Klaus; Sánchez López, Mairena; Lakka, Timo A.; Tabacchi, Garden; Novak, Dario; Ahrens, W.; Wedderkopp, Niels; Jurak, Gregor; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Objectives (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. Methods This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. Results A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). Conclusion This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.

Labayen Goñi, Idoia

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