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Durán Lázaro, María

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https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/48917

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Durán Lázaro

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María

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Producción Agraria

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IS-FOOD. Research Institute on Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain

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0000-0001-5842-631X

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810261

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2021 - 20224
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Subject: Brachypodium rupestre × Start date: 2020 × End date: 2022 ×

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Disruption of traditional grazing and fire regimes shape the fungal endophyte assemblages of the tall-grass Brachypodium rupestre
    (Frontiers Media, 2021) Durán Lázaro, María; San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Múgica Azpilicueta, Leire; Zabalgogeazcoa, Iñigo; Vázquez de Aldana, Beatriz R.; Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    The plant microbiome is likely to play a key role in the resilience of communities to the global climate change. This research analyses the culturable fungal mycobiota of Brachypodium rupestre across a sharp gradient of disturbance caused by an intense, anthropogenic fire regime. This factor has dramatic consequences for the community composition and diversity of high-altitude grasslands in the Pyrenees. Plants were sampled at six sites, and the fungal assemblages of shoots, rhizomes, and roots were characterized by culture-dependent techniques. Compared to other co-occurring grasses, B. rupestre hosted a poorer mycobiome which consisted of many rare species and a few core species that differed between aerial and belowground tissues. Recurrent burnings did not affect the diversity of the endophyte assemblages, but the percentages of infection of two core species -Omnidemptus graminis and Lachnum sp. -increased significantly. The patterns observed might be explained by (1) the capacity to survive in belowground tissues during winter and rapidly spread to the shoots when the grass starts its spring growth (O. graminis), and (2) the location in belowground tissues and its resistance to stress (Lachnum sp.). Future work should address whether the enhanced taxa have a role in the expansive success of B. rupestre in these anthropized environments.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Relating the spatial distribution of a tall-grass to fertility islands in a temperate mountain grassland
    (Elsevier, 2021) San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Durán Lázaro, María; Múgica Azpilicueta, Leire; Jiménez, Juan José; Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Plant-soil feedback mechanisms influence the abundance and rarity of plant species and can favour invasive processes, including those of native species. To explore these mechanisms, we analysed correlations between spatial distributions of plant biomass and soil properties in two neighbouring grasslands at different phases of expansion of the native Eurasian tall-grass Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roem & Schult (B. rupestre cover: >75 and 25–50%). For this, we applied spatially explicit sampling, geostatistical analysis and structural equation models (SEM) to probe causal relationships among measured variables involved in nutrient accumulation. We hypothesized that if litter accumulates as a result of reduced grazing, ‘fertility islands’ (spots of high SOM and nutrient contents) will form under B. rupestre clumps because the increase in resource inputs from litter will trigger SOM build-up and promote microbial growth. Our results show that ‘fertility islands’ of P and amino acids occurred under the patchy clumps of B. rupestre in the less invaded grassland. In addition, the SEMs indicated that nutrient accumulation was partially due to mineralization of the SOM and modulated by the soil microbial biomass. However, there was no correlation between spatial patterns of B. rupestre biomass, SOM and microbial biomass. Moreover, the SEMs explained small amounts of variance in them (SOM r2 = 0.22 and microbial biomass r2 = 0.08), suggesting that factors other than B. rupestre biomass were responsible for the high fertility below the patches. Our spatially explicit approach demonstrated that litter inputs in dense temperate grassland communities can generate ‘fertility islands’ that may favour the stability and expansion of a tall-grass invader and suggest that herbivory may enhance or inhibit this phenomenon.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Comparison of culturing and metabarcoding methods to describe the fungal endophytic assemblage of brachypodium rupestre growing in a range of anthropized disturbance regimes
    (MDPI, 2021) Durán Lázaro, María; San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, CENEDUCA18; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Fungal endophytes develop inside plants without visible external signs, and they may confer adaptive advantages to their hosts. Culturing methods have been traditionally used to recognize the fungal endophytic assemblage, but novel metabarcoding techniques are being increasingly applied. This study aims to characterize the fungal endophytic assemblage in shoots, rhizomes and roots of the tall grass Brachypodium rupestre growing in a large area of natural grasslands with a continuum of anthropized disturbance regimes. Seven out of 88 taxa identified via metabarcoding accounted for 81.2% of the reads (Helotiaceae, Lachnum sp. A, Albotricha sp. A, Helotiales A, Agaricales A, Mycena sp. and Mollisiaceae C), revealing a small group of abundant endophytes and a large group of rare species. Although both methods detected the same trends in richness and fungal diversity among the tissues (root > rhizome > shoot) and grasslands (low-diversity >high-diversity grasslands), the metabarcoding tool identified 5.8 times more taxa than the traditional culturing method (15 taxa) but, surprisingly, failed to sequence the most isolated endophyte on plates, Omnidemptus graminis. Since both methods are still subject to important constraints, both are required to obtain a complete characterization of the fungal endophytic assemblage of the plant species.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    La expansión de Brachypodium rupestre en el Pirineo occidental: hongos endófitos y pérdida de servicios ecosistémicos
    (2022) Durán Lázaro, María; Canals Tresserras, Rosa María; San Emeterio Garciandía, Leticia; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
    En esta tesis se plantean dos líneas de investigación que han quedado recogidas en los tres trabajos científicos que la conforman: • Capítulo 1) La primera línea de investigación desarrolla un modo de cuantificar económicamente la pérdida del servicio ecosistémico de aprovisionamiento ligado a la expansión de B. rupestre, con el objetivo de sensibilizar a los sectores implicados y fomentar acciones medioambientales dirigidas a promover la conservación de los pastos de montaña, ecosistemas ambiental y económicamente valiosos. Para ello, se realizó una adaptación del método de valoración económica por sustitución y se llevaron a cabo inventarios florísticos en cubiertas de alta y baja diversidad florística. El registro de estos datos nos permitió generar unos valores pastorales transformables en cantidad de forraje disponible para los animales, tras un detallado cálculo de la superficie viable de ser pastada (200,05 ha tras excluir las zonas con grandes pendientes). Con censos de animales y con información detallada y exhaustiva del consumo de energía que tiene cada tipo de animal que pasta las estivas del valle (ovejas, vacas y caballos) se determinaron las raciones de alimento necesarias en una temporada de pastoreo estival (50007 raciones) y su coste monetario (21146€; 107€/ha). De este modo, se estimó el coste que supone la pérdida del valor de aprovisionamiento debido a la expansión de B. rupestre y que va ligado en este caso a la pérdida de riqueza y diversidad florística de las comunidades vegetales que lo constituyen. • Capítulo 2 y 3) La segunda línea de investigación engloba dos trabajos en los que se caracteriza la desconocida comunidad de hongos endófitos de individuos de B. rupestre desarrollándose en comunidades de alta y baja diversidad florística. El estudio de los microorganismos en su ambiente natural es una disciplina relativamente nueva, dado que su interés se ha centrado tradicionalmente en las enfermedades que afectan a los humanos, los animales o las plantas. Sin embargo, los grandes avances tecnológicos y científicos de las últimas décadas nos están permitiendo conocer su altísima diversidad y las complejas redes ecológicas en las que están involucrados. El conocimiento sobre los hongos endófitos, que crecen en el interior de casi todas las plantas sin desarrollar enfermedades, está demostrando numerosas ventajas adaptativas que estos pueden llegar a conferir a su huésped ante numerosas situaciones de estrés (salinidad, herbivorismo, patógenos, etc.).