(MDPI, 2024) Claver Alba, Adrián; Hernández Acosta, Andrea; Barba Areso, Eneko; Fuertes Bonel, Juan Pablo; Torres Salcedo, Alexia; García Lorente, José Antonio; Luri Irigoyen, Rodrigo; Salcedo Pérez, Daniel; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
Sheet metal forming processes are widely used in applications such as those in the automotive
or aerospace industries. Among them, punching is of great interest due to its high productivity
and low operating cost. However, it is necessary to optimize these processes and adjust their parameters,
such as clearance, shear force or tool geometry, to obtain the best finishes and minimize
crack generation. Thus, the main objective of this research work is to optimize the punching process
to achieve parts that do not require subsequent processes, such as deburring, by controlling
the properties of the starting materials and with the help of tools such as design of experiments
and simulations. In the present study, tensile tests were performed on three steels with different
compositions and three sample geometries. The information obtained from these tests has allowed
us to determine the parameters of the Johnson-Cook damage criteria. Moreover, punching was
performed on real parts and compared with simulations to analyze the percentage of burnish surface.
The results obtained show that the methodology used was correct and that it can be extrapolated to
other types of die-cutting processes by reducing the percentage of surface fractures and predicting
the appearance of cracks. Furthermore, it was observed that clearance has a greater influence than
processing speed, while the minimum percentage of the burnish area was observed for the minimum
values of clearance.
