Open Access
Value creation in mobile social media: a systematic review and agenda for future research
(Emerald, 2021) Ju, Xingting; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Martín Martín, Óscar; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Purpose: the purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of the current state of research regarding mobile social media use for value creation by firms and customers and an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: the authors conducted a systematic review following three main steps: keyword search, study selection and data extraction. A total of 53 articles were identified using academic databases and manual cross-referencing. By means of a thematic analysis method, the study addresses issues related to theory, methods, context, findings and gaps. Findings: the study reviews and illustrates 14 value aspects of the mobile social media and value creation literature. The findings indicate that mobile social media are effective tools for firms to create and capture value from customers and for customers to co-create value. Originality/value: the study contributes to the marketing and social media literature by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates the core components of value creation by firms and customers in the mobile social media context and by proposing an agenda for future research.
Open Access
From familiarity to acceptance: the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on consumer adoption of retail chatbots
(Elsevier, 2025-01-17) Arce Urriza, Marta; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Marcos Matas, Gustavo; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This study investigates the influence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on consumer adoption of retail chatbots, focusing on how GenAI impacts key adoption determinants, the role of familiarity and assessing its effects across different stages of the customer journey. We conducted two waves of surveys, one pre- and one post-GenAI integration, to compare consumer perceptions across three customer service tasks. Using the Service Robot Acceptance Model (SRAM) as a framework, we found that GenAI enhances consumer perceptions of chatbot usefulness, human-likeness, and familiarity, thereby increasing adoption intentions. However, trust remains largely unchanged, and privacy concerns have risen post-GenAI. Additionally, the relationships remain stable across customer journey stages, with familiarity playing a key role. Our findings extend SRAM to the retail context with GenAI, offering new insights into the temporal stability of chatbot adoption factors. It underscores familiarity's dual role (direct and indirect) in fostering adoption, while highlighting that GenAI impacts specific aspects of consumer interaction. These findings provide insights for retailers to leverage GenAI-powered chatbots to enhance customer engagement and satisfaction.
Open Access
Attention to product images in an online retailing store: an eye-tracking study considering consumer goals and type of product
(California State University Press, 2022) Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Villanueva Larre, Arantxa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
The visual content of the product area is crucial in an e-commerce site. This paper studies the differences in attention to product images in the product area in e-commerce sites considering the effects of purchase stage and product category. Attention to product images on websites is measured using eye-tracking in two experiments with 58 students and 66 subjects, with four product categories and four purchase tasks in each one. Our results show that pictures, in general, attract attention first, before the product names and price information. Furthermore, images attract less total attention than textual information. Images attract less attention when they are not crucial for completing the task, such as when purchasing a determined product or when locating product tracking information. Younger people (less than 30) spend much less time viewing the product pictures than older age groups (50 or more). According to our results, e-retailers could improve their sites’ performance by adapting the products’ presentation to the purchase tasks and visitor characteristics.
Open Access
Determinants of mobile social media use, customer heterogeneity, and international microsegmentation
(Wiley, 2021) Ju, Xingting; Martín Martín, Óscar; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
How to effectively examine the heterogeneous nature of consumer preferences across borders and cultures is a challenge for firms that use mobile social media. This study identifies the determinants of individuals’ mobile social media use behavior and profiles the resulting international microsegments. We propose a model that integrates different theoretical perspectives and sets of factors to explain mobile social media use behavior and test it on a sample of users in China and the United States via online surveys. We estimate a global model (GM) based on all respondents and three local models created by post hoc international microsegmentation. The three local models reveal the existence of three unobserved user segments: 'usage goal experts', 'determined pragmatists', and 'pressured hedonists'. Perceived usefulness is the most influential factor in the GM, while users in the three segments significantly differ in their behavioral patterns, cultural value orientations, and demographic characteristics. This study is the first to examine unobserved heterogeneity and international microsegmentation in the mobile social media domain. It provides insights into the factors explaining use behavior and international microsegmentation for scholars and marketers operating in the global marketplace.
Open Access
Teachers’ attitudes towards chatbots in education: a technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users’ characteristics
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Marcos Matas, Gustavo; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
The appearance of Artificial Intelligence implementations, such as text-based virtual assistants (chatbots) in education is relatively new. These implementations can be useful for helping teachers and students to solve both educational questions and routine tasks. This paper examines the factors that explain teachers’ acceptance of chatbots through the dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), its conversational design (use of social language and proactiveness), and the teachers’ age and digital skills. The data collection process included a pre-test and an online survey with four different types of chatbots. We analyse 225 responses of primary and secondary education teachers. The results show that the perceived easiness and perceived usefulness leads to greater acceptance of chatbots. As for the chatbots’ features, formal language by a chatbot leads to a higher intention of using them. These results can help in chatbot design and communication decisions, improving the acceptance of the educational community.
Open Access
Omni-channel users and omni-channel customers: a segmentation analysis using distribution services
(Emerald, 2019) Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Elorz Domezain, Margarita; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Propósito — Los consumidores combinan canales de distribución en el denominado comportamiento omni-canal cada vez en mayor medida, tanto para completar una misma compra como entre distintas compras. Distinguimos entre dientes omni-canal, que hacen uso de los servicios de distribución de ambos canales, y usuarios omni-canal, que hacen solo un uso parcial de los servidos de distribución de un canal para apoyar las compras en el otro canal. En este trabajo identificamos este comportamiento omni-canal entre los clientes de una empresa global del sector de la moda que vende un amplio rango de productos de ropa y complementos. Diseño/metodología/enfoque — Mediante un modelo logit multinomial, realizamos una segmentación de los clientes en base a su comportamiento omnicanal. En esta segmentación, consideramos el papel explicativo, no solo de las características de los individuos, sino también el de los servicios de distribución y las políticas en cada canal. Resultados — Obtenemos cómo el acceso al producto, tanto en el establecimiento como a la página web, la garantía de que el producto comprado online tendrá las características esperadas y las facilidades para devolver el producto adquirido online si no cumple las expectativas, son rasgos clave de los canales que explican el comportamiento omnicanal de los clientes. Implicaciones prácticas — Nuestros resultados muestran claramente que diferentes aspectos de la oferta de servicios y de políticas de la empresa determinan las compras y las visitas y estos aspectos pueden ser utilizados para guiar la estrategia de segmentación del detallista. Originalidad/valor — En este trabajo contribuimos a la literatura sobre el marketing omnicanal presentando un modelo de segmentación, basado en los servicios de distribución ofertados por los minoristas, para las empresas que comercializan productos a través de distintos canales. Aportamos una distinción conceptual entre usuarios de un canal y compradores que tiene un amplio rango de aplicación. Líneas futuras — Es necesario proseguir con las líneas futuras de investigación para investigar las implicaciones financieras de esta segmentación. La percepción de los precios que se detecta en nuestros resultados puede sugerir una sensibilidad mayor a los precios en el segmento mono-canal lo que puede ser una línea interesante a contrastar en investigaciones futuras.
Open Access
Private sales clubs: a 21st century distribution channel
(Elsevier, 2017) Betancourt, Roger R.; Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Elorz Domezain, Margarita; Múgica Grijalba, José Miguel; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Private sales clubs are a novel service institution arising out of the Internet’s ability to allow an exclusively online channel to distribute out of season or out of fashion inventories to a large set of customers. They have become a thriving industry in the 21st century. In this paper we enhance understanding of this technology mediated institution as a distribution channel. Furthermore, we show how to measure the impact of the distribution services it provides through the Internet on customer satisfaction and of the latter on economic performance. We rely on the technique of quantile regressions in this endeavor. The latter allows for asymmetries in the response function that have been noted as a major issue to be addressed in the analysis of both customer satisfaction and economic performance variables. Our most important empirical finding is that the distortions introduced by ignoring asymmetries in the response function with respect to customer satisfaction are extremely misleading for managers of private sales clubs.
Open Access
Editorial: the impact of AI-enabled technologies in e-commerce and omnichannel retailing
(Frontiers Media, 2021) Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Berné, Carmen; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Niilssen, Frode; Rubio, Natalia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Organization's adoption of technology has been an important topic over decades. There is also little doubt that technology influence and has an impact on how organization work and to some extent also on how they are organised. Various disciplines have addressed this issue and many perspectives have been applied over time. The rapidly growing interest for studying technology adoption strategies and outcomes of the implementation of these strategies have led to a wide range of contributions across disciplines. The richness of contributions illustrates the need for knowledge development in this field. At the other side, there is also time and need for some consolidation and review for future directions of the research effort.
Open Access
Customer heterogeneity in the development of e-loyalty
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015) Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Villanueva Orbaiz, María Luisa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: 228/2008
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify customer-specific differences in a general model of e-loyalty taking into account the existence of unobserved heterogeneity. Specifically, we aim to 1) test for the presence of customer heterogeneity 2) assess the impact of potential bias when there is no control for heterogeneity; 3) analyze the distinct customer segments that emerge from the empirical estimation of the model, and 4) describe the segments by their demographic and psychological characteristics. Design/methodology/approach: Panel data from a survey of online shoppers is used in a post hoc segmentation method, which will enable us to identify segments, while estimating the parameters by means of structural equation models; Findings. Three distinct consumer segments emerge. The relative importance of e-loyalty and e-satisfaction is significantly determined by consumers’ shopping styles. Originality/value This study highlights the need to consider unobserved customer heterogeneity when attempting to explain satisfaction and loyalty development processes in the retail context in general, and e-commerce in particular. To our knowledge, this is the first time this approach has been used to analyze the impact of customer heterogeneity on e-satisfaction and e-loyalty.
Open Access
Attention to online channels across the path to purchase: an eye-tracking study
(Elsevier, 2019) Cortiñas Ugalde, Mónica; Cabeza Laguna, Rafael; Chocarro Eguaras, Raquel; Villanueva Larre, Arantxa; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gestión de Empresas
Currently, consumers display what is known as omnichannel behavior: the combined use of digital and physical channels providing them with multiple points of contact with firms. We combine the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model and visual attention theory to study how customers’ attention to digital channels varies across different purchasing tasks. We use eye-tracking techniques to observe attention in an experimental setting. The experimental design is composed of four purchasing tasks in four different product categories and measures the attention to the website and time spent on each task in addition to several control variables. The results show that shoppers attend to more areas of the website for purposes of website exploration than for performing purchase tasks. The most complex and time-consuming task for shoppers is the assessment of purchase options. The actual purchase and post-purchase tasks require less time and the inspection of fewer areas of interest. Personal involvement also plays a role in determining these patterns by increasing attention to the product area.