Open Access
Vitamin D and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the SUN project: a prospective cohort study
(Springer, 2024) Valer-Martínez, Ana; Sayón-Orea, Carmen; Martínez, J. Alfredo; Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier; Martínez González, Miguel Ángel; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with multiple chronic diseases, including metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the study was to analyze the association between validated predicted serum vitamin D status and the risk of developing T2D in a large prospective cohort based on a Mediterranean population. Methods: The SUN project is a prospective and dynamic Spanish cohort that gathers university graduates who have answered lifestyle questionnaires, including a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. The association between predicted serum vitamin D and the risk of T2D was assessed through Cox regression models according to quartiles (Q) of predicted vitamin D at baseline. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. Results: Our study included a total of 18,594 participants and after a total follow-up of 238,078 person-years (median follow-up of 13.5 years), 209 individuals were diagnosed with incident T2D. We found a significant inverse association between predicted levels of serum vitamin D and the risk of developing T2D, after adjusting for potential confounders and performing different sensitivity analyses (hazard ratio Q4 vs. Q1: 0.48, 95% CI 0.26¿0.88; p for trend = 0.032). Conclusion: The outcomes suggest that higher levels of vitamin D at baseline may be associated with a reduced risk of developing T2D.
Open Access
Higher versus lower nut consumption and changes in cognitive performance over two years in a population at risk of cognitive decline: a cohort study
(Elsevier, 2023) Ni, Jiaqi; Nishi, Stephanie K.; Babio, Nancy; Ros, Emilio; Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier; Corella, Dolores; Castañer, Olga; Martínez, J. Alfredo; Alonso Gómez, Ángel M.; Wärnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesús; Romaguera, Dora; López Miranda, José; Estruch, Ramón; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Santos Lozano, José Manuel; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Cano Ibáñez, Noemí; Tur, Josep A.; Fernández-García, José Manuel; Pintó, Xavier; Delgado Rodríguez, Miguel; Matía-Martín, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vázquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Fernández-Aranda, Fernando; Ruiz Canela, Miguel; Mestres Solà, Cristina; Portolés, Olga; Sala Vila, Aleix; García-Rios, Antonio; Compañ-Gabucio, Laura María; Gómez-Gracia, Enrique; Zulet, María Ángeles; Chaplin, Alice; Casas, Rosa; Martínez Diz, Silvia; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Gómez Pérez, Ana María; Toledo, Estefanía; Ríos, Santiago; Ortega Azorín, Carolina; Torre, Rafael de la; Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J.; García de la Hera, Manuela; Sayón-Orea, Carmen; Malcampo, Mireia; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Tree nuts and peanuts (henceforth, nuts) are nutrient-dense foods rich in neuroprotective components; thus, their consumption could benefit cognitive health. However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent regarding the potential benefits of nuts for cognitive function. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the association between nut consumption and 2-y changes in cognitive performance in older adults at cognitive decline risk. Methods: A total of 6,630 participants aged 55 to 75 y (mean age 65.04.9 y, 48.4% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline and a 2-y follow-up. Composite cognitive scores were used to assess global, general, attention, and executive function domains. Nut consumption was categorized as <1, 1 to <3, 3 to <7, and 7 servings/wk (1 serving¼30 g). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between baseline nut consumption and 2-y cognitive changes. Results: Nut consumption was positively associated with 2-y changes in general cognitive function (P-trend <0.001). Compared with participants consuming <1 serving/wk of nuts, those categorized as consuming 3 to <7 and 7 servings/wk showed more favorable changes in general cognitive performance (β z-score [95% CI] ¼ 0.06 [0.00,0.12] and 0.13 [0.06,0.20], respectively). No significant changes were observed in the multivariableadjusted models for other cognitive domains assessed. Conclusion: Frequent nut consumption was associated with a smaller decline in general cognitive performance over 2 y in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Randomized clinical trials to verify our findings are warranted.
Open Access
Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult mediterranean population
(Springer, 2024) Baenas, I.; Camacho-Barcia, L.; Granero, R.; Razquin, Cristina; Corella, Dolores; Gómez-Martínez, Carlos; Castañer, Olga; Martínez, J. Alfredo; Alonso Gómez, Ángel M.; Wärnberg, Julia; Vioque, Jesús; Romaguera, Dora; López Miranda, José; Estruch, Ramón; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Lapetra, José; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Cano Ibáñez, Noemí; Tur, Josep A.; Martín-Sánchez, Vicente; Pintó, Xavier; Gaforio, José J.; Matía-Martín, Pilar; Vidal, Josep; Vázquez, Clotilde; Daimiel, Lidia; Ros, Emilio; Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Dalsgaard, S.; García-Arellano, Ana; Babio, Nancy; Sorli, Jose V.; Lassale, Camille; García de la Hera, Manuela; Gómez-Gracia, Enrique; Zulet, María Ángeles; Konieczna, J.; Martín Peláez, Sandra; Tojal-Sierra, Lucas; Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier; Las Heras-Delgado, Sara de; Portolés, Olga; Muñoz-Pérez, M. Á.; Arenas-Larriva, A. P.; Compañ-Gabucio, Laura María; Eguaras, S.; Shyam, S.; Fitó, Montserrat; Baños, R. M.; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Fernández-Aranda, Fernando; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objectives: To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. Methods: n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. Results: The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions: This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short–medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.

Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier

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