Open Access
Patterns of healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults: findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010
(Elsevier, 2018) Troncoso, Claudia; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Brown, Rosemary; Leiva, Ana María; Martínez, María Adela; Diaz-Martinez, Ximena; Garrido-Méndez, Alex; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Iturra-González, José A.; Villagrán, Marcelo; Mardones, Lorena; Salas-Bravo, Carlos; Ulloa, Natalia; García Hermoso, Antonio; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime; Celis Morales, Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The purpose of this study was to investigate healthy lifestyle behaviours across age categories in the older population in Chile. Data from 1390 older adults (¿60 years), in the 2009-2010 Chilean National Health Survey were analyzed. We derived the following age categories: 60-65, 66-70, 71-75, 76-80 and >80 years. The associations between age and compliance with healthy lifestyle behaviours (smoking, sitting time, physical activity, sleep duration and intake of salt, alcohol, fruit and vegetables) were investigated using logistic regression. The probability of meeting the guidelines for alcohol intake (OR trend: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.11; 1.64], p = 0.001) and smoking (OR trend: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.13; 1.33], p < 0.0001) increased with age, whereas spending <4 h per day sitting time or engaging in at least 150 min of physical activity per week or sleep on average between 7 and 9 h per day were less likely to be met with increasing age (OR trend: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71; 0.83], p < 0.000; OR trend: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.67; 0.79], p < 0.0001, and OR trend: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.82; 0.96], p = 0.002, respectively). No significant trend across age categories was observed for fruit and vegetables, and salt intake. The probability of meeting at least 3 out of 7 healthy lifestyle behaviours across the age categories was also lower in older age categories compared to those aged 60 to 65 years. Overall, in older adults the probability of having the healthy lifestyle behaviours of physical activity, sitting time and sleeping behaviours was low but not for smoking or alcohol consumption. With an increasingly ageing population, these findings could inform stakeholders on which lifestyle behaviours could be targeted in the older adults and therefore which interventions should take place to promote healthy ageing.
Open Access
The dietary inflammatory index and hepatic health in the US adult population
(The British Dietetic Association Ltd, 2021) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; García Hermoso, Antonio; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Correa Rodríguez, María; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: There is limited evidence on the role of an anti‐/pro‐inflammatory diet in the prevention of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed (i) to assess the anti‐inflammatory diet profile and its association with transient elastography parameters, including liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and (ii) to analyse the relationship between the anti‐inflammatory diet and surrogate markers of liver disease in a multiethnic US population. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative population of 4189 US adults aged 20–80 years. A FibroScan® 502 V2 device (Echosens) was used to estimate the CAP and LSM. Liver markers, including the aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio, fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis‐4 score, were also calculated. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated using a 24‐h diet recall. Results: Lower DII scores (anti‐inflammatory diet) were associated with a lower AST:ALT ratio (p < 0.001) and FLI (p < 0.036) after adjusting for covariates. Linear regression analysis revealed that gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels (β = 1.702, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.325–3.080, p = 0.015), ALT levels (β = −0.616, 95% CI = −1.097 to −0.135, p = 0.012), AST:ALT ratio (β = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.014–0.036, p < 0.001) and FLI (β = 1.168, 95% CI = 0.224–2.112, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with the DII in the multivariable‐adjusted model. Participants in the highest anti‐inflammatory tertile had the lowest odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD assessed by FLI in both unadjusted (OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.539–0.788, p ≤ 0.001) and adjusted models (OR = 0.722, 95% CI = 0.537–0.972, p = 0.032). For the transient elastography parameters (LSM and CAP), no significant associations were identified. Conclusions: There was no relationship between the transient elastography parameters and the anti‐inflammatory diet profile, although our study showed an association between higher pro‐inflammatory properties of diet and poorer hepatic health assessed by surrogate markers of liver disease. Therefore, strategies to promote an anti‐inflammatory diet should be considered to prevent NAFLD in adults.

Ramírez Vélez, Robinson

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