Person: Bobo García, Gloria
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Bobo García
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Gloria
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Tecnología de Alimentos
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8631
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Publication Open Access Estudio de estrategias para la conservación de patatas (cv. Monalisa) mínimamente procesadas(2014) Bobo García, Gloria; Arroqui Vidaurreta, Cristina; Virseda Chamorro, Paloma; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaThe use of sulfites was restricted by the FDA in fruits and vegetables for direct consumption, due to their potential hazard for consumers. However, sulfites are still allowed in minimally processed potatoes because they are eliminated during the cooking process. Nevertheless, the current trend to reduce or avoid its use, made necessary to carry out studies to find alternatives to this preservative. In this research work, different preservation techniques to maintain the quality of minimally processed potatoes (cv. Monalisa) stored for 14 days at 4 °C, were evaluated. On the one hand, the use of antibrowning compounds, natural solutions and its derivatives was studied whilst on the other hand, modifications of the preparation process, combined or not with antibrowning compounds, was also evaluated. In all the cases, the study was carried out on 5 mm thick sliced potatoes, packed under air and stored for 14 days at 4 °C. In the first block of experiments, the combined use of 4-hexylresorcinol with ascorbic acid and of N-acetyl-L-cysteine with citric acid was studied; in the second block, the combination of texture modifiers, such as calcium chloride or a heat shock, with an antibrowning solution was examined. Finally, in the third block, different extracts from spices, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme PPO and their antibrowning potential. The results indicated that the antibrowning solution of 0.005 % HR + 2 % AA was able in maintaining the quality of the MPP for 14 days at 4 °C. Also, it was found that the application of a heat shock (between 50 and 65 ºC for 5 min) activated the PME enzyme, which in turn, provoked an increase in hardness after cooking the slices. This effect was more pronounced at the higher temperatures. At the same time, the heat shock activated the PPO, and this effect could be controlled by the application of an antibrowning solution containing 0.005 % HR + 2 % AA. Also, the addition of calcium chloride (2 %) in the water used for the heat shock had a greater effect on the visual quality of the slices than on the texture, except at the highest temperature. In effect, at 65 °C an increase in the hardness of the slices was observed after cooking. In general, the combination of a heat shock at 50 ºC for 5 min followed by the antibrowning solution was the best combination to maintain the visual quality of the minimally processed potatoes for at least 14 days. Among the 14 natural extracts evaluated in vitro, only those from green tea, garlic and wheat bran showed a positive effect in inhibiting the activity of the PPO above 50 %. For these species, optimization was developed for water extractions. However, when applied in vivo, only the green tea and garlic solutions were able to control the enzymatic browning of the potatoes during 14 days of storage at 4 °C. These results indicated that both, green tea and garlic have compounds with capacity to inhibit the reaction of the PPO, the main enzyme responsible for the enzymatic browning in potatoes.