Person: Iribas Pardo, Haritz
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Iribas Pardo
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Haritz
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Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
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0000-0003-4260-2379
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810714
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Publication Open Access Compensation of nonlocal effects induced by the extinction ratio of pump pulses in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors(Optical Society of America, 2019) Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaWe demonstrate a technique to compensate the nonlocal effects that appear in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors when pump pulses with limited extinction ratio are deployed. These recently discovered nonlocal effects are originated in the interaction between the probe wave and the pulse pedestal. Hence, their compensation method is based on deploying a modulation (dithering) of the optical frequency of the probe and pulse pedestal waves that provides a reduction of the effective interaction length between them. This is implemented by taking advantage of the chirp associated to the direct current modulation of a semiconductor laser used as common source for both waves. The net effect of this procedure is that the probe and pulse pedestal waves display efficient Brillouin interaction just at correlation peaks along the fiber where the frequency difference between both waves remains constant. Proof-of-concept experiments in a 25-km sensing link demonstrate the performance of the technique, where large errors of more than 10 MHz in the measurement of the Brillouin frequency shift are completely compensated by introducing a sinusoidal dithering to the laser source.Publication Open Access Second-order non-local effects mitigation in BOTDA sensors by tracking the BFS profile(SPIE, 2017) Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe demonstrate a technique to mitigate the residual second-order non-local effects in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors in which the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) profile is not uniform along the fiber. It is based on adding a wavelength modulation to the probe wave that makes it track the average BFS found along its way. Using this method we are able to inject a total probe wave power of 15 dBm in a 120-km sensing fiber link, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest probe power ever demonstrated in a long-range BOTDA sensing fiber link. The enhancement in the detected signal-to-noise ratio brought by the use of such power provides 2-MHz BFS measurement precision at the end of the 120-km sensing link with 3-m spatial resolution, all without the need to resort to additional means such as the use of coding or Raman gain.Publication Open Access Latest research on long-range Brillouin distributed sensing(SPIE, 2019) Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua projecto 0011-1365-2017-000122We review the latest developments in long-range Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors. The factors that impair the performance of these sensors, particularly in terms of their distance range, are discussed together with the latest methods to overcome them. We focus on our recent contributions based on the application of the probe dithering method, which is based on introducing a wavelength modulation to the probe wave. This technique is shown to effectively compensate nonlocal effects originated in the depletion of the pump pulse as well as of its pedestal. In addition, it can provide amplification to the pump wave with a slight modification of the setup. Furthermore, this method can be combined with pump pulse coding and a new technique for coding linearization that we have devised to further extend the sensing length into the hundreds of kilometers range.Publication Open Access Cyclic coding for Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers using probe dithering(Optical Society of America, 2017) Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Sauser, Florian; Llera, Miguel; Le Floch, Sébastien; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCWe study the performance limits of mono-color cyclic coding applied to Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors that use probe wave dithering. BOTDA analyzers with dithering of the probe use a dual-probe-sideband setup in which an optical frequency modulation of the probe waves along the fiber is introduced. This avoids non-local effects while keeping the Brillouin threshold at its highest level, thus preventing the spontaneous Brillouin scattering from generating noise in the deployed sensing fiber. In these conditions, it is possible to introduce an unprecedented high probe power into the sensing fiber, which leads to an enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and consequently to a performance improvement of the analyzer. The addition of cyclic coding in these set-ups can further increase the SNR and accordingly enhance the performance. However, this unprecedented probe power levels that can be employed result in the appearance of detrimental effects in the measurement that had not previously been observed in other BOTDA set-ups. In this work, we analyze the distortion in the decoding process and the errors in the measurement that this distortion causes, due to three factors: the power difference of the successive pulses of a code sequence, the appearance of first-order non-local effects and the non-linear amplification of the probe wave that results when using mono-color cyclic coding of the pump pulses. We apply the results of this study to demonstrate the performance enhancement that can be achieved in a long-range dithered dual-probe BOTDA. A 164-km fiber-loop is measured with 1-m spatial resolution, obtaining 3-MHz Brillouin frequency shift measurement precision at the worst contrast location. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest sensing distance achieved with a BOTDA sensor using mono-color cyclic coding.Publication Open Access Egituren egoeraren monitorizaziorako zuntz optikoan oinarritutako sentsore sinplifikatua(Udako Euskal Unibertsitatea, 2015) Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Sagüés García, Mikel; Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaBrillouin hedatuko denbora eremu optikoaren analisian (BOTDA) oinarritutako sentsoreak, estruktura handien (100 km luzerako estrukturak) deformazioa eta tenperatura neurtzeko gaitasuna dute. Lan honetan, BOTDA konfigurazio sinplifikatua aurkezten dugu. Erabilitako konfigurazioaren helburua sentsorearen prezioa murriztea da, detekzio prozesuan parte hartzen duten seinale optikoen sortze prozesua sinplifikatuz. Proposatutako teknika hau, iturri optiko bati irrati-maiztasun (IM) pultsu modulatu bat aplikatuz sortutako osagai espektralen iragazketa optiko pasiboan oinarritzen da. Laborategiko esperimentuek frogatzen dute tenperatura hedatuko neurriak 1,1 metroko erresoluzioarekin 5 km zuntz optikoan zeharPublication Open Access Detrimental effects in Brillouin distributed sensors caused by EDFA transient(Optical Society of America, 2017) Feng, Cheng; Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Mariñelarena Ollacarizqueta, Jon; Schneider, Thomas; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe investigate the deleterious effect and the error in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers induced by the combination of a low extinction ratio pulse generation with the transient behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Publication Open Access Second-order nonlocal effects mitigation in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors by tracking the Brillouin frequency shift profile of the fiber(IEEE, 2017) Mompó Roselló, Juan José; Iribas Pardo, Haritz; Urricelqui Polvorinos, Javier; Loayssa Lara, Alayn; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaWe report on an additional limitation that has been found in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors due to the so-called second-order nonlocal effects (NLE). Second-order NLE appear in BOTDA setups that deploy a double probe waves to compensate the transfer of energy between the pump pulse and the probe wave, and are related to a spectral distortion of the pump pulse that leads to measurement errors and an effective limit on the maximum probe power that can be deployed in the sensor. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the techniques that have been presented so far in the literature to compensate second-order NLE are only effective in the case that the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) along the sensing fiber is uniform. However, this requirement for uniformity is not realistic in real world scenarios in which a variety of fibers with different BFS and subjected to different environmental conditions are typically deployed. Therefore, we demonstrate a new method to mitigate the effects of BFS variation in the BOTDA setups that compensate second-order NLE. This method is based on introducing an additional wavelength modulation to the probe wave so as to track the mean BFS changes along the sensing fiber link. With this method, we demonstrate a BOTDA setup that, without coding, distributed amplification, or any other form of performance enhancement, achieves a sensing length of 120 km with 3-m spatial resolution and 2-MHz measurement precision. Moreover, the setup demonstrates, to our knowledge, the largest probe power ever injected in a BOTDA sensing link.