Soto Ruiz, María Nelia
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Soto Ruiz
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María Nelia
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Ciencias de la Salud
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access Augmented reality for intramuscular injection training: a cluster randomized controlled trial(Elsevier, 2025-07-01) Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Bujanda Sainz de Murieta, Arantxa; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Larráyoz Jiménez, Ana; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCBackground: The acquisition of clinical skills, such as intramuscular injection, is crucial in nursing education, traditionally taught through theory and practice. Recent studies suggest that augmented reality (AR) enhances students' learning. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an augmented reality application (ARSim2care) for training intramuscular injections technique among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 72 nursing students participated in the study (32 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group). Sociodemographic variables and dependent variables such as knowledge, skills, satisfaction and self-confidence with learning were measured. Results: The groups showed statistically significant differences in age. Knowledge acquisition in the intervention group was 0.56 points higher, this difference was statistically significant. No significant differences were found in technical skills, satisfaction and self-confidence although both groups showed positive results. Conclusions: The ARSim2care application enhanced nursing students' theoretical knowledge of intramuscular injections, although no significant improvements in technical skills were observed. Augmented reality shows potential as an educational tool; however, further research is required to evaluate its long-term effectiveness.Publication Open Access Usability and user expectations of a HoloLens-based augmented reality application for learning clinical technical skills(Springer, 2024) Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Larráyoz Jiménez, Ana; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe application of augmented reality in training health science students is increasingly widespread. The aim of this work was to assess the usability and user expectations of an augmented reality application for smart glasses (Microsoft HoloLens) that can be used to train on four invasive procedures (i.e. intramuscular injection, nasogastric tube insertion, endotracheal intubation and suctioning via tracheostomy tube). A descriptive study was conducted with nursing students from three Spanish universities. Participants answered a questionnaire to assess the use of the ARSim2care application. This application offers the possibility of visualizing the internal anatomical structures during the training of the clinical technical skills for the performance of the mentioned invasive techniques. The questionnaire included demographic data, the System Usability Scale and questions about the user expectations in relation to learning with the use of augmented reality. In total, 61 participants responded to the questionnaire after using the ARSim2care application. The mean score of the System Usability Scale was 73.15 (standard deviation: 15.04) and 62.4% (n = 38) of the participants considered their experience with the application as excellent or good. In relation to user expectations, more than 90% of students indicated that the use of the application could improve their motivation and stimulation in learning, their content retention and their anatomical understanding. The developed ARSim2care application for Microsoft HoloLens showed a high level of usability and acceptance as a learning tool for training certain clinical procedures by visualizing the internal structures of the body.