Open Access
Formulas for the amplitude of the van der Pol limit cycle through the homotopy analysis method
(Hindawi / Wiley, 2009) López García, José Luis; Abbasbandy, S.; López Ruiz, R.; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, Res. 07/05/2008
The limit cycle of the van der Pol oscillator, x¨+ε(x2−1)x˙+x=0, is studied in the plane (x,x˙) by applying the homotopy analysis method. A recursive set of formulas that approximate the amplitude and form of this limit cycle for the whole range of the parameter ε is obtained. These formulas generate the amplitude with an error less than 0.1%. To our knowledge, this is the first time where an analytical approximation of the amplitude of the van der Pol limit cycle, with validity from the weakly up to the strongly nonlinear regime, is given.
Open Access
An analytic representation of the second symmetric standard elliptic integral in terms of elementary functions
(Springer, 2022) Bujanda Cirauqui, Blanca; López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We derive new convergent expansions of the symmetric standard elliptic integral RD(x,y,z), for x,y,z∈C∖(−∞,0], in terms of elementary functions. The expansions hold uniformly for large and small values of one of the three variables x, y or z (with the other two fixed). We proceed by considering a more general parametric integral from which RD(x,y,z) is a particular case. It turns out that this parametric integral is an integral representation of the Appell function F1(a;b,c;a+1;x,y). Therefore, as a byproduct, we deduce convergent expansions of F1(a;b,c;a+1;x,y). We also compute error bounds at any order of the approximation. Some numerical examples show the accuracy of the expansions and their uniform features.
Open Access
New analytic representations of the Lerch transcendent
(Springer, 2025-06-03) López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
We consider an integral representation of the Lerch transcendent function (z, s, a) of the form (z, s, a) = 1 0h(t, z)g(t, s, a)dt, and two different analytical methods for the approximation of this integral transform to obtain new convergent expansions of the Lerch transcendent in the variable z. The first method uses multi-point Taylor expansions of h(t, z) at certain appropriately selected base points that provides convergent expansions of the Lerch transcendent in terms of elementary functions of z uniformly valid in compact sets of the complex z−plane. The second method expands g(t, s, a) in a Taylor series at a selected point in [0, 1] giving a uniform convergent expansion of (z, s, a) in terms of elementary functions of z valid in a large unbounded region of the complex plane. We provide explicit and/or recursive algorithms for the computation of the coefficients of the expansions. Numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy of the new approximations.
Open Access
Analytic formulas for the evaluation of the Pearcey integral
(American Mathematical Society, 2017) López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We can find in the literature several convergent and/or asymptotic expansions of the Pearcey integral P(x, y) in different regions of the complex variables x and y, but they do not cover the whole complex x and y planes. The purpose of this paper is to complete this analysis giving new convergent and/or asymptotic expansions that, together with the known ones, cover the evaluation of the Pearcey integral in a large region of the complex x and y planes. The accuracy of the approximations derived in this paper is illustrated with some numerical experiments. Moreover, the expansions derived here are simpler compared with other known expansions, as they are derived from a simple manipulation of the integral definition of P(x, y).
Open Access
Uniform convergent expansions of the error function in terms of elementary functions
(Springer, 2023) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We derive a new analytic representation of the error function erfz in the form of a convergent series whose terms are exponential and rational functions. The expansion holds uniformly in z in the double sector | arg (±z) | <π/4. The expansion is accompanied by realistic error bounds.
Open Access
Asymptotic approximation of a highly oscillatory integral with application to the canonical catastrophe integrals
(Wiley, 2023) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We consider the highly oscillatory integral 𝐹(𝑤) ∶= ∫ ∞ −∞ 𝑒𝑖𝑤(𝑡𝐾+2+𝑒𝑖𝜃𝑡𝑝) 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 for large positive values of 𝑤, −𝜋 < 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋, 𝐾 and 𝑝 positive integers with 1 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 𝐾, and 𝑔(𝑡) an entire function. The standard saddle point method is complicated and we use here a simplified version of this method introduced by López et al. We derive an asymptotic approximation of this integral when 𝑤 → +∞ for general values of 𝐾 and 𝑝 in terms of elementary functions, and determine the Stokes lines. For 𝑝 ≠ 1, the asymptotic behavior of this integral may be classified in four different regions according to the even/odd character of the couple of parameters 𝐾 and 𝑝; the special case 𝑝=1 requires a separate analysis. As an important application, we consider the family of canonical catastrophe integrals Ψ𝐾(𝑥1, 𝑥2,…,𝑥𝐾) for large values of one of its variables, say 𝑥𝑝, and bounded values of the remaining ones. This family of integrals may be written in the form 𝐹(𝑤) for appropriate values of the parameters 𝑤, 𝜃 and the function 𝑔(𝑡). Then, we derive an asymptotic approximation of the family of canonical catastrophe integrals for large |𝑥𝑝|. The approximations are accompanied by several numerical experiments. The asymptotic formulas presented here fill up a gap in the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions by Olver et al.
Open Access
New recurrence relations for several classical families of polynomials
(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this paper, we derive new recurrence relations for the following families of polynomials: nörlund polynomials, generalized Bernoulli polynomials, generalized Euler polynomials, Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind, Buchholz polynomials, generalized Bessel polynomials and generalized Apostol–Euler polynomials. The recurrence relations are derived from a differential equation of first order and a Cauchy integral representation obtained from the generating function of these polynomials.
Open Access
The Pearcey integral in the highly oscillatory region
(Elsevier, 2016) López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We consider the Pearcey integral P(x, y) for large values of |y| and bounded values of |x|. The integrand of the Pearcey integral oscillates wildly in this region and the asymptotic saddle point analysis is complicated. Then we consider here the modified saddle point method introduced in [Lopez, Pérez and Pagola, 2009] [4]. With this method, the analysis is simpler and it is possible to derive a complete asymptotic expansion of P(x, y) for large |y|. The asymptotic analysis requires the study of three different regions for separately. In the three regions, the expansion is given in terms of inverse powers of y2/3 and the coefficients are elementary functions of x. The accuracy of the approximation is illustrated with some numerical experiments.
Open Access
Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces
(Optical Society of America, 2016) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Navarro, Rafael; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
A rigorous and powerful theoretical framework is proposed to obtain systems of orthogonal functions (or shape modes) to represent optical surfaces. The method is general so it can be applied to different initial shapes and different polynomials. Here we present results for surfaces with circular apertures when the first basis function (mode) is a conicoid. The system for aspheres with rotational symmetry is obtained applying an appropriate change of variables to Legendre polynomials, whereas the system for general freeform case is obtained applying a similar procedure to spherical harmonics. Numerical comparisons with standard systems, such as Forbes and Zernike polynomials, are performed and discussed.
Open Access
Uniform convergent expansions of integral transforms
(American Mathematical Society, 2021) López García, José Luis; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Several convergent expansions are available for most of the special functions of the mathematical physics, as well as some asymptotic expansions [NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions, 2010]. Usually, both type of expansions are given in terms of elementary functions; the convergent expansions provide a good approximation for small values of a certain variable, whereas the asymptotic expansions provide a good approximation for large values of that variable. Also, quite often, those expansions are not uniform: the convergent expansions fail for large values of the variable and the asymptotic expansions fail for small values. In recent papers [Bujanda & all, 2018-2019] we have designed new expansions of certain special functions, given in terms of elementary functions, that are uniform in certain variables, providing good approximations of those special functions in large regions of the variables, in particular for large and small values of the variables. The technique used in [Bujanda & all, 2018-2019] is based on a suitable integral representation of the special function. In this paper we face the problem of designing a general theory of uniform approximations of special functions based on their integral representations. Then, we consider the following integral transform of a function g(t) with kernel h(t, z), F(z) := 1 0 h(t, z)g(t)dt. We require for the function h(t, z) to be uniformly bounded for z ∈D⊂ C by a function H(t) integrable in t ∈ [0, 1], and for the function g(t) to be analytic in an open region Ω that contains the open interval (0, 1). Then, we derive expansions of F(z) in terms of the moments of the function h, M[h(·, z), n] := 1 0 h(t, z)tndt, that are uniformly convergent for z ∈ D. The convergence of the expansion is of exponential order O(a−n), a > 1, when [0, 1] ∈ Ω and of power order O(n−b), b > 0, when [0, 1] ∈/ Ω. Most of the special functions F(z) having an integral representation may be cast in this form, possibly after an appropriate change of the integration variable. Then, special interest has the case when the moments M[h(·, z), n] are elementary functions of z, because in that case the uniformly convergent expansion derived for F(z) is given in terms of elementary functions. We illustrate the theory with several examples of special functions different from those considered in [Bujanda & all, 2018-2019].